Romulan Dictionary

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Romulan Language

Edaihtir u'Rhirhalir Abhhilir - Useful Words and Phrases

Greetings

jolan'tru: semiformal hello/goodbye; most common greeting.

y'hhau: informal hello/goodbye; generally used only between close friends and relatives of similar age.

aefvadh: formal greeting "be welcome".

shaoi ben: formal greeting, superior to inferior.

shaoi dan: formal greeting between equals.

shaoi kon: formal greeting, inferior to superior.

bedah: formal goodbye.

bed aoi: "goodbye forever".

Adverbs & Adjectives & Others

ie: yes

dhat: no.

daie: yes (inferior to superior).

au'e: yes indeed! oh, yes! (emphatic affirmative).

patned pra krsh: never.

ssaer?: why?

fvah?: what?

khnai'ra: thank you (semi-formal; formal, between equals).

khnai'ru rhissiuy: thank you (formal, superior to inferior).

khlinae arhem: thank you (formal, inferior to superior).

iumnau: urgent.

mnekha: correct, right; excellent. (superior to inferior, or between equals).

mnek'nra: correct, right; excellent. (inferior to superior).

rha?: is that so? oh, really? (rather sarcastic).

ta'krenn!: look at that! look!.

Insults

hevam: human (derogatory).

klivam: Klingon (derogatory).

khoi-udt: drop dead.

vah-udt?: what rank? (are you to be ordering me).

fvadt: damn it! damn!.

The following insults can be used either alone, or in sentences, or following "hwiiy", which means "you are":

veruul: fool

hhakh: stupid

dyypan: incompetent

ryakna: garbage

nohtho: crazy

knvuk: ugly

kllhe: sh**-eater

fehill'curak: a**crack

hnaev: sh*t

susse-thrai: she-wolf, b**ch

amton'wi-kha: sl*t; promiscuous

Terms of Endearment

jol-ao au: I love you.

e'lev: my love, dear, darling.

sahe'lagge: passionflower.

h'levreinnye: love-devil, lust-devil.

Forms of Address; People; Organisations

rinam: sister

dinam: brother

ri'nanov: mother

di'ranov: father

rian:cousin

ke'rhin: fellow Rihanha

Rihan: Romulan (adjective, e.g. the Romulan language)

Rihanha: a Romulan person

Rihannsu: a group of Romulan people

Rihanh: the Romulan nation/race/people as a whole

rekkhai: sir/madam (in Galae)

lhhai: sir (outside Galae)

lhhei: madam (outside Galae)

Khe'lloann'mnhehorael: Klingon Empire (common; informal)

Klling'hann Nneikha: Klingon Empire (formal)

Klling'hann: Klingon (adjective or noun; polite/formal)

Khe'lloann'na: a citizen of the Klingon Empire

Lloann'mhrahel: UFP

Lloann'na: a citizen of the UFP

lloannen'galae: Starfleet

Galae s'Shiar: Imperial Fleet

Tal'Shiar: Imperial Police

Kiith Mevroqq'ghi: Diplomatic Corps

Ilnetha'aihrifv: Economic Corps/Merchant Marines

Rei'kara: Imperial Legion

Khhiu'draao s'Shiar: Imperial Land Army

Phrases

Ssuaj-ha.: Understood. (formal/military use, inferior to superior)

Ssuaj.: I understand. (non-formal, common use)

Ssuaj-difv?: Do you understand?

H'ta-fvau.: Return at once (to last position).

Hteij'rhau.: Activate transporter.

Hallh'na.: Report to me at once.

Hnafirh'rau.: Let me see.

Ie'yyak-hnah!: Fire phaser!

Hyaa-aifv-hnah!: Fire disruptor!

Ihlla'nh.: That's just enough; That'll do; You'll do.

Qiuu mnekha?: Is everyone well? (superior to inferior)

Qiuu mnek'nra?: Is everyone well? (inferior to superior)

Qiuu mnekha.: Everyone is well. (superior to inferior)

Qiuu mnek'nra.: Everyone is well. (inferior to superior)

Military Ranks

Galae - Grand Fleet

Rihan Rank	English Translation	Federation Equivalent
galae'Enriov	Fleet Senior Commander	Admiral of the Fleet
khre'Enriov	Fleet Deputy Commander	Vice-Admiral of the Fleet
Enriov	Senior Commander	Admiral
khre'Riov	Commander-General	Commodore
Riov	Commander	Captain
erei'Riov	Sub-Commander	Commander
Enarrain	Senior Centurion	Lieutenant Commander
Arrain	Centurion	Lieutenant
erei'Arrain	Sub-Centurion	Lieutenant JG
Erein	Junior Sub-Centurion	Ensign
erei'Erein	Crewman	Midshipman

Tal'Shiar - Imperial Security Service

Rihan Rank	English Translation	Federation Equivalent
Dhaemnasi	Chairman of the Imperial Intelligence Committee	-
Khren	Police General	-
khellrea'Riov	General of the Directorate	-
Riov	Brigadier	-
Ssiebh	Colonel	-
Aendeh	Major	-
Enarrain	Captain	-
Arrain	Lieutenant	-
Erein	Centurion	-
Lhaell	Corporal	-
erei'Lhaell	Lance Corporal	-
Uhlan	Private	-
ben'Lehrei	Agent-Recruit	-

Kiith Mrevhoqq'ghi - Diplomatic Corps

Rihan Rank	English Translation	Federation Equivalent
hru'Kiith	Chairman of the Diplomatic Corps	-
Llairhi (male form)	Ambassador	-
Llaudh (female form)	Ambassador	-
Lleifven	Attache	-
Auethnen	Advisor	-
Ehkifv	Consul	-
Kharifv	Mediator	-
Kolaes	Emissary	-
Hmnial	Aide-de-Camp	-

Ilnetha'aihrifv - Economic Service

Rihan Rank	English Translation	Federation Equivalent
re'Aefvriha	Chairman of the Economic Corps	-
Telaet Fvrihai	Senior Administrator	-
Uhlan Fvrihai	Junior Administrator	-
Telaet Esael	Senior Manager	-
Esael	Manager	-
Uhlan Esael	Junior Manager	-
Ilnetha	Merchant	-
Fvehai	Worker	-
Telaet Arrhai	Senior Teamster	-
Arrhai	Teamster	-
Uhlan Arrhai	Junior Teamster	-
Eredh	Cadet	-

Rei'kara; Khhiu'draao - Imperial Legion; Land Army

Rihan Rank	English Translation	British Army Equivalent
draao'Daeus	-	Field Marshall (Land Army)
kara'Daeus	-	Field Marshall (Imperial Legion)
Daeus	-	General
Riov	-	Lieutenant General
erei'Riov	-	Major General
khre'Ssiebh	-	Brigadier
Ssiebh	-	Colonel
erei'Ssiebh	-	Lieutenant Colonel
Aendeh	-	Major
Enarrain	-	Captain
Arrain	-	Lieutenant
erei'Arrain	-	Second Lieutenant
khre'Erein	-	Regimental Sergeant Major
erhwi'Erein	-	Company Sergeant Major
Erein	-	Staff Sergeant
erei'Erein	-	Sergeant
Lhaell	-	Corporal
erei'Lhaell	-	Lance Corporal
Uhlan	-	Private

H'treain ih'ssouhir - Alien Races

Rihan Planet	Rihan Race Adjective	Rihan Race Noun	Rihan Race Noun Plural	English Planet	English Race Adjective	English Race Noun	English Race Noun Plural
ch'Andor	Andor	Andorha	Andorsu	Andor	Andorian	Andorian	Andorians
ch'Antikh	Antikh	Antikh'ha	Antikhsu	Antica	Antican	Antican	Anticans
ch'Arbhas	Arbhas	Arbhasha	Arbhassu	Arbaz	Arbazan	Arbazan	Arbazans
ch'Arkhtur	Arkhtur	Arkhturha	Arkhtursu	Arcturus	Arcturian	Arcturian	Arcturians
ch'Arghelh	Arghel	Arghelha	Arghelsu	Argelius	Argelian	Argelian	Argelians
ch'Bah'jor	Bah'jor	Bah'jorha	Bah'jorsu	Bajor	Bajoran	Bajoran	Bajorans
ch'Brhein	Brhein	Brheinha	Brheinsu	Breen	Breen	Breen	Breens
ch'Krehan	Krehan	Krehanha	Krehennsu	Bynaus	Bynar	Bynar	Bynars
ch'Kah't	Kah'tan	Kah'tanha	Kah'tannsu	Cait	Caitian	Caitian	Caitians
ch'Card'hass	Card'hassin	Card'hassinha	Card'hassinnsu	Cardassia	Cardassian	Cardassian	Cardassians
ch'Siallh	Siallh	Siallh'ha	Siallhsu	Delta	Deltan	Deltan	Deltans
ch'Denebh	Denebhan	Denebhanha	Denebhannsu	Deneb	Denebian	Denebian	Denebians
ch'Feh'reng	Feh'rengi	Feh'rengha	Feh'rengsu	Ferenganor	Ferengi	Ferengi	Ferengis
ch'Ghorrn	Ghorrn	Ghorrnha	Ghorrnnsu	Gornar	Gorn	Gorn	Gorns
Krhonosh	Klling'hann	Klling'hanha	Klling'hannsu	Qo'noS	Klingon	Klingon	Klingons
-	Orhyhon	Orhyhonha	Orhyhonnsu	-	Orion	Orion	Orions
ch'Rheiji	Rheiji	Rheijiha	Rheijisu	Rigel	Rigelian	Rigelian	Rigelians
Terrha (Sol III)	Terrhain	Terrhaha	Terrhasu	Terra (Sol III)	Terran	Terran	Terrans
ch'Trhil	Trhil	Trhilha	Trhilsu	Trill	Trill	Trill	Trills
Thaaei	Thaes	Thaesha	Thaessu	Vulcan	Vulcan	Vulcan	Vulcans

Mheiset Fvhachhuus Erh'illen - Periodic Chart of the Elements

Atomic Number	Terran Symbol	English Name	Rihan Symbol	Rihan Name	Name Etymology
1	H	Hydrogen	A	Aekkhwidaehp	Water-create
2	He	Helium	Ei	Eihssill	Sun-element
3	Li	Lithium	J	Jorrill	Stone-element
4	Be	Beryllium	Akh	Akhiyill	Black-element
5	B	Boron	Ea	Eahaill	Sweet-element
6	C	Carbon	Ish	Ishaeill	Burn-element
7	N	Nitrogen	Nn	Nnoihrdaehp	Acid-create
8	O	Oxygen	Lhd	Lhaeldaehp	Air-create
9	F	Fluorine	Ghy	Ghoyill	Poison-element
10	Ne	Neon	Mll	Mollaill	New-element
11	Na	Sodium	H	Hillhaill	Ash-element
12	Mg	Magnesium	R	Ratleihfill	Ra'tleihfi city-element
13	Al	Aluminum	Mdh	Mnaudhill	Strength-element
14	Si	Silicon	Kh	Khaaill	Sand-element
15	P	Phosphorus	L	Liorill	Light-element
16	S	Sulphur	Lln	Llaiirnhaih	Fire-stone
17	Cl	Chlorine	Sy	Saiyill	yellowish green-element
18	Ar	Argon	Dae	Daeopill	Lazy-element
19	K	Potassium	S	Sahhill	Destroy-element
20	Ca	Calcium	Mn	Mnihnhaih	Bone-stone
21	Sc	Scandium	Das	Dastill	Davast city-element
22	Ti	Titanium	Hi	Harienill	S'Harien-element
23	V	Vanadium	Hr	Harill	S'Harien-element
24	Cr	Chromium	E	Eijill	Colour-element
25	Mn	Manganese	Rl	Raleihfill	Ra'tleihfi city-element
26	Fe	Iron	Y	Yyhaeih	Iron
27	Co	Cobalt	Lhy	Lhaiyill	Blue-element
28	Ni	Nickel	Km	Kaehhmneahj	False-copper
29	Cu	Copper	M	Mneahj	Copper
30	Zn	Zinc	Aehh	Aehrrimtill	Metal-salt-element
31	Ga	Gallium	Dv	Davill	Davast city-element
32	Ge	Germanium	Kth	Korthrill	Korthre region-element
33	As	Arsenic	Rha	Rhaimnill	Yellow-element
34	Se	Selenium	Fv	Fvurill	Moon-element
35	Br	Bromine	Do	Doakhill	Stench-element
36	Kr	Krypton	Klh	Kilhrill	Cloaked-element
37	Rb	Rubidium	Mn	Mneanill	Red-element
38	Sr	Strontium	Rht	Rhaimtill	Yellow-salt-element
39	Y	Yttrium	Uth	Uthill	Iuruth city-element
40	Zy	Zirconium	Is	Isaealill	Little-gold-element
41	Nb	Niobium	Kei	Kveinnill	(fartravel ship) Kveinn-element
42	Mb	Molybdenum	Dae	Diadaehhrr	Heavy-metal
43	Tc	Technetium	Ihh	Iahhwilill	Technology-element
44	Ru	Ruthenium	Ys	Ysill	Ysail planet-element
45	Rh	Rhodium	Ai	Aimneill	Hfihar Aimne-element
46	Pd	Palladium	Ih	Ihrhill	Asteroid-element
47	Ag	Silver	Lh	Lhohnu	Silver
48	Cd	Cadmium	Bhi	Bhihhrill	Electro-metal-element
49	In	Indium	Ihh	Ihhlill	Ihhliae city-element
50	Sn	Tin	Aye	Ayeirh	White-soft
51	Sb	Antimony	Lhr	Lhohrhaaer	Silver-crystal
52	Te	Tellurium	Ei	Eisnill	Eisn-element
53	I	Iodine	Shb	Shibill	Violet-element
54	Xe	Xenon	Ed	Edaolill	Strange-element
55	Cs	Cesium	Ie	Iesiyill	Grey-element
56	Ba	Barium	Dd	Diadill	Heavy-element
57	La	Lanthanum	Dr	Dedrenill	Hidden-element
58	Ce	Cerium	Aev	Aevnuill	React-element
59	Pr	Praseodymium	Eh	Ehrill	Green-element
60	Nd	Neodymium	Kr	Kremollill	Two-new-element
61	Pm	Promethium	Ec	Eihsscaevrill	Sunheart-element (a Fartravel ship, Eihsscaevra)
62	Sm	Samarium	Ey	Eyivill	Helmet-element (a Fartravel ship, Eyiv s'Rea)
63	Eu	Europium	Rhh	Rhehivill	Rhehiv'je city-element
64	Gd	Gadolinium	Wr	Wraetill	Wraet-element (Wraet tr'Ethien, scientist)
65	Tb	Terbium	Ur	Uruill	Iuruth city-element
66	Dy	Dysprosium	Sp	Spoliurrhill	Hard-approach-element
67	Ho	Holmium	Vst	Vastill	Davast city-element
68	Er	Erbium	Rth	Ruthill	Iuruth city-element
69	Tm	Thulium	J	Jullhehill	Jullheh planet-element
70	yb	Ytterbium	Ill	Iurill	Iuruth city-element
71	Lu	Lutetium	Isn	Isneihill	Yellow-element
72	Hf	Hafnium	Del	Delill	Del city-element
73	Ta	Tantalum	Ao	Aoifutaihill	Forever-dry-element
74	W	Tungsten	Dnh	Diadnhaihill	Heavy-stone-element
75	Re	Rhenium	Gg	Galgathill	Gal'gaththong region-element
76	Os	Osmium	Dnn	Daennhill	Odour-element
77	Ir	Iridium	Q	Qiueijill	All-colour-element
78	Pt	Platinum	Lhl	Lhohnal	Little-silver
79	Au	Gold	I	Isaehj	Gold
80	Hg	Mercury	Ylh	Yhfilhohnu	Fast-silver
81	Tl	Thallium	Urr	Urrhillhill	Glass-element
82	Pb	Lead	Iyy	Irhyyh	Soft-iron
83	Bi	Bismuth	Mhh	Mneanaehhrr	Red-metal
84	Po	Polonium	Thj	Theijhoiill	Theijhoi city-element
85	At	Astatine	Lth	Llitheyesill	Without-stable-element
86	Rn	Radon	Fae	Faetill	Ray-element
87	Fr	Francium	Dvs	Davastill	Davast city-element
88	Ra	Radium	Fr	Faetorill	Ray-element
89	Ac	Actinium	Fnh	Faetenhill	Radiating-element
90	Th	Thorium	Mhv	Mhevill	Mheven-element (Mheven t'Khev, scientist)
91	Pa	Protactinium	Nhw	Nuhwirfaetill	Fisrt-ray-element
92	U	Uranium	Hv	Havrill	ch'Havran planet-element
93	Np	Neptunium	Ys	Ysailill	Ysail planet-element
94	Pu	Plutonium	El	Eilhaunnill	Eilhaunn planet-element
95	Am	Americium	Aih	Aihill	Aihai city-element
96	Cu	Curium	Hr	Hrientehill	Hfihar Hrienteh-element
97	Bk	Berkelium	Iur	Iuruthill	Iuruth city-element
98	Cf	Californium	Rih	Rihanill	ch'Rihan planet-element
99	Es	Einsteinium	Kll	Kiellill	Hfihar Kiell-element
100	Fm	Fermium	Eth	Ethienill	Hfihar Ethien-element
101	Md	Mendelevium	Aa	Aanikhill	Hfihar Aanikh-element
102	No	Nobelium	Arh	Anierhill	Hfihar Anierh-element
103	Lw	Lawrencium	Ath	Asenthill	Hfihar Asenth-element
104	Ku	Kurchatovium	Lll	Lhoellill	Hfihar Lhoell-element
105	Hh	Hahnium	Khv	Khevill	Hfihar Khev-element
106	Sg	Seaborgium	Khfv	Khufveill	106-element
107	Bh	Bohrium	Khll	Khulliill	107-element
108	Hs	Hassium	Khth	Khutheill	108-element
109	Mt	Meitnerium	Khlh	Khulhiill	109-element
110	Uun	Ununnillium	Khdh	Khudhaill	110-element
111	Uuu	Unununium	Khhw	Khudhahwiill	111-element
112	Uub	Ununbium	Khdhk	Khudhakreill	112-element
113	Uut	Ununtrium	Khdhs	Khudhaseiill	113-element
114	Uuq	Ununquadrium	Khdhm	Khudhamneill	114-element
115	Uup	Ununpentium	Khdhrh	Khudharhiill	115-element
116	Uuh	Ununhexium	Khdhfv	Khdhafveill	116-element
117	Uus	Ununseptium	Khdhll	Khudhalliill	117-element
118	Uuo	Ununoctium	Khdhth	Khudhatheill	118-element
119	Uuv	Ununnovenium	Khdhlh	Khudhalhiill	119-element
120	Ubn	Unbinilium	Khku	Khukralliuill	120-element
121	Ubu	Unbiunium	Khkh	Khukrahwiill	121-element
122	Ubb	Unbibium	Khkk	Khukrakreill	122-element
123	Ubt	Unbitrium	Khks	Khukraseiill	123-element

Mnakhao ih'peraere - Number System

The following are the cardinal numerals in Rihan:

(0 - lliu) (1 - hwi) (2 - kre) (3 - sei) (4 - mne) (5 - rhi) (6 - fve) (7 - lli) (8 - the) (9 - lhi) (10 - dha) (100 - khu)

The above are the basic cardinal numbers; all other cardinal numbers are derived from the above; tens and hundreds derived from the above bases by a vowel change, as listed following:

(20 - kra) (30 - seha) (40 - mnha) (50 - rha) (60 - fvha) (70 - lla) (80 - thha) (90 - lha) (200 - kru) (300 - sehu) (400 - mnhu) (500 - rhu) (600 - fvhu) (700 - llu) (800 - thhu) (900 - lhu)

Numbers from eleven to ninety-nine are formed in a regular manner as illustrated by the following examples:

(32 - seha'kre) (53 - rha'sei) (69 - fvha'lhi)

Numbers from 101 to 999 are also formed regularly:

(367 - sehu-fvha'lli) (442 - mnhu-mnha'kre) (980 - lhu-thha)

The word for "thousand" is dhei. Its use is quite regular, too, however its regularity is quite different from English.

(1000 - hwi dhei) (1111 - hwi dhei khu-dha'hwi) (2000 - kre dhei) (43 269 - mnha'sei dhei fvhu-kra'sei) (365 201 - sehu-fvha'rhi dhei kru'hwi)

The illustration above may give the impression that dhei functions almost identically to English "thousand", however, this is not the case, as its function is to represent any group of three zeroes. Millions and numbers larger are also expressed using dhei, like this:

(1 million - hwi kre-dhei) (2 million - kre kre-dhei)

It can be noted above that "one million" is formed as "two dheis" - meaning something akin to "one two-groups-of-three-zeroes", which is exactly what a million is - a one followed by three zeroes. Further examples follow:

(10 million - dha kre-dhei) (1 billion - hwi sei-dhei) (93 trillion - lha'sei mnhe-dhei)

Fractions are formed with the particle erh', with the denominator first, for example seha erh'lli means "seven thirtieths."

The decimal point is represented by the word errah, with numbers after the decimal point pronounced separately. "3.1415" would be rendered as sei errah hwi mne hwi rhi.

Ordinal numbers are formed from cardinals as adjectives are formed from nouns, with the affix-set nu-...-r, e.g. nuhwir, "first", nudha'lhir, "nineteenth", and so on.

Adverbs indicating a number of occasions are formed regularly with the prefix caehh'-, with the exception of "once", which is joaie. The others are all, however, formed regularly: caehh'kre, "twice", caehh'kru-kra'kre, "222 times", etc.

Sien - Time / Hveith - Calendar

Sien - Time

The Rihannsu, as the records of The Arrival state, were extremely lucky when they stumbled upon the Eisn system. The ch'Rihan/ch'Havran pair revolve around Eisn in a very stable orbit, a few degrees off from the 'horizontal' plane. There is very little wobble in their path, and it is less elipsoidal than the Terra/Luna pair which results in less drastic season changes throughout the year.

The two bodies orbit Eisn once every 380 days, as per ch'Rihan's day cycle. Being a decimal (base-10) oriented culture, the day was broken into hours, minutes, and seconds based on factors of ten. In order to maintain some consistency with existing time standards carried from Vulcan (they wanted a 'second' to approximate what they were used to as much as possible), the day was broken up thusly:

   * 1 Year = 380 days
   * 1 Day = 16 hours
   * 1 hour = 100 minutes
   * 1 minute = 100 seconds

For reference, the Rihan 'minute' is equal to 55 Terran seconds, and the Rihan Second is only a few micro-seconds off from the Vulcan Second. Following these comparisons, the Rihan day is approximately 27 Terran minutes longer than Terra's, and the Rihan year is just under 22 days longer than a terran year.

Empirical time is constant throughout the Empire, based on the offical clock as positioned in the Empire's capital, Ra'tleihfhi, on ch'Rihan. There are no timezones, however other occupied planets do maintain 'local times' based on the particular planet's orbital/time system. All clocks and time-display devices are synchronized to Empirical Time as well however, to assure consistency.

Hveith - Calendar

As with most cultures that divide their year into 'months' based on seasonal patterns or orbitting bodies, the Rihan Month system is based on the orbital path of the ch'Rihan/ch'Havran pair, which completes a full cycle every 20 days. Therefore, the Rihan year is divided into 19 months, each consisting of two ten-day 'weeks'. Since seasonal changes are minimal on the homeworlds throughout the year (a fluctuation of +/- 12° celsius on average between their 'winter' and 'summer'), months are determined by the orbital path of ch'Rihan's sister-moon, ch'Havran, and where it appears in the sky. The first week of the month, Eisn appears higher in the sky than ch'Havran, and lower in the second week (coincidently, using Eisn as reference from ch'Havran, the same holds true on ch'Havran: Eisn will appear 'higher' in the sky than ch'Rihan, and vice-versa). The first day of a new month is easily noticed on ch'Rihan's capital city, since it involves a partial eclipse that lasts a couple of hours during the day. The months and weeks are named thusly:

   * First Month of Fire Khaidoa nuhwir s'Okhala (Fire representing the warmth and light of Summer)
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 1-10)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 11-20)
   
   * Second Month of Fire Khaidoa nukrer s'Okhala
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 21-30)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 31-40)
   
   * Third Month of Fire Khaidoa nuseir s'Okhala
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 41-50)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 51-60)
   
   * Fourth Month of Fire Khaidoa numner s'Okhala
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 61-70)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 71-80)
   
   * First Month of Air Khaidoa nuhwir s'Jaeih (Air representing the colder winds of Fall)
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 81-90)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 91-100)
   
   * Second Month of Air Khaidoa nukrer s'Jaeih
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 101-110)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 111-120)
   
   * Third Month of Air Khaidoa nuseir s'Jaeih
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 121-130)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 131-140)
   
   * Fourth Month of Air Khaidoa numner s'Jaeih
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 141-150)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 151-160)
   
   * Fifth Month of Air Khaidoa nurhir s'Jaeih
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 161-170)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 171-180)
   
   * First Month of Earth Khaidoa nuhwir s'Avilh (Earth representing the darker and harder soils of Winter)
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 181-190)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 191-200)
   
   * Second Month of Earth Khaidoa nukrer s'Avilh
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 201-210)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 211-220)
   
   * Third Month of Earth Khaidoa nuseir s'Avilh
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 221-230)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 231-240)
   
   * Fourth Month of Earth Khaidoa numner s'Avilh
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 241-250)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 251-260)
   
   * Fifth Month of Earth Khaidoa nurhir s'Avilh
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 261-270)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 271-280)
   
   * First Month of Water Khaidoa nuhwir s'Ihhuein (Water representing the rains and frost-melting of Spring)
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 281-290)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 291-300)
   
   * Second Month of Water Khaidoa nukrer s'Ihhuein
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 301-310)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 311-320)
   
   * Third Month of Water Khaidoa nuseir s'Ihhuein
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 321-330)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 331-340)
   
   * Fourth Month of Water Khaidoa numner s'Ihhuein
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 341-350)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 351-360)
   
   * Fifth Month of Water Khaidoa nurhir s'Ihhuein
         o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 361-370)
         o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 371-380)

Dates are written in the format of: 'Nth day of [month]-[high/low]Eisn, year AS (After Shipfall)'; there are three ways to write the date -

formal, common, and short:

Formal Written

Shad nudha'lhir khaidoam nuseir s'Avilh, Eisn ihfv, fvheisn hwi dhei llu-thha'lli aihkh Khhiuhiera. Nineteenth day of the third month of

Earth, low Eisn, year one thousand seven hundred eighty-seven after Shipfall.

Common Written

Sh. nu19r kh. nu3r s'Avilh, Eisn ihfv, fvh. 1787 aK 19th d. of 3rd m. of Earth, low Eisn, y. 1787 AS

Short Written

13-3-Avilh, E.i., 1787 aK 13-3-Earth, l.E., 1787 AS

Fvullhanhir - Substantives

Taekhosir - Nouns

Rihan nouns decline for case and number. There are two numbers, singular and plural, and three cases: Nominative-Accusative (also sometimes called 'common'), Genitive (possessive) and Dative (indirect object).

The Nominative-Accusative is used for both subject and direct object; the difference can be easily discerned by context, as Rihannsu has a fixed Verb-Object-Subject or Subject-Verb-Object word order; if no subject is present, the order is Verb-Object, and if no object is present, the order is Subject-Verb. An exception is the imperative: the object of the imperative always immediately precedes the imperative verb.

There are four regular declensions of nouns in Rihan, one for proper nouns and three for common nouns.

Proper nouns decline thusly:

	Singular	Plural	Example:	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	(-ha)	-su	"a Romulan"	Rihanha	Rihannsu
Genitive	s'-	ch-		s'Rihan	ch'Rihan
Dative	-(h)'ri	-su'ri		Rihanh'ri	Rihannsu'ri

Note, that before the -su or -su'ri suffix, a final 'n' or 'm' is doubled. There are some special prefixes used only with proper nouns. These prefixes cannot be used with common nouns.

• e- : Common prefix indicating departure from one's hfihar (used in second name). For example, if a certain Galan i-Mhiessan tr'Khellian were to marry a t'Lhoell woman, his name would change to Galan e-Khellian tr'Lhoell - the married name generally replaces the locative second name. Optionally, the locative can remain (often used on formal documents or formal situations), giving a name such as Galan i-Mhiessan e-Khellian tr'Lhoell. However, if the male in question is hru'Hfirh of his hfihar, he does not take this name, because as hru'Hfirh, he cannot leave his hfihar. The case of a male hru'Hfirh marrying is one of the few cases where a woman would leave her hfihar, and in such a case it would be the woman who takes the "e-" second name. Marriage is the most common way of leaving one's house, but there are other situations in which a name such as this would be used. If Galan tr'Khellian were adopted or fostered into s'Lhoell, his name would be as described above - Galan e'Khellian tr'Lhoell. Although becoming outcast from one's hfihar is another way of leaving it, in that case the use of this name would be unacceptable, as this form of name refers to an honourable departure from one's hfihar. The outcast individual becomes an unperson in Romulan society, and would simply be called Galan, or in the unlikely event that clarification would be necessary, Galan i-Mhiessan, however this is unlikely to happen, either, as most Romulans would commit suicide almost immediately upon becoming outcast.

• ei- : If the person is from a specific part of a city, this is used; or, Common elder-name prefix (used in second name); also used when one changes names due to an important event. If Galan i-Mhiessan tr'Khellian was riov of a warship in a victorious battle in the Usubau system, for example, he may decide to change his name to Galan ei-Usubau tr'Khellian. In formal situations and on formal documents, his full name would be listed as Galan i-Mhiessan ei-Usubau tr'Khellian. One could have several "ei-" form names, in fact, but would generally use only the one most appropriate to a given situation.

• i- : This is a very common locative-name prefix indicating that the person was born in the city (not town or village) named.

• ir- : This is another very common locative-name prefix, differing from "i-" in that it indicates the person's origin as being from the district, province or planet indicated. If the person in question is from a town or village, he would use this prefix with the name of the district or province in which his town is located. If he is from an unincorporated area of a planet, he would use the planet name with this prefix.

• S'- : Male honorific prefix, used very commonly in older (Vulcan) firstnames.

• t'- : Female clan name prefix (used in third name).

• T'- : Female honorific prefix, used very commonly in older (Vulcan) firstnames.

• tr'-: Male clan name prefix (used in third name)

Common nouns - that is, everything besides proper names - fall into three groups, based on the ending of the root (Nom-Acc) form of the verb.

• Group I nouns are those which end in -i or -e;

• Group II nouns are those which end in -a, -o or -u;

• Group III nouns are those ending in a consonant sound.

Common nouns are declined as follows: Group I

Case	Singular	Plural	Example:	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	--	-in	"arrival"	oali	oaliin
Genitive	-n	-en		oalin	oalien
Dative	-vha	-vher		oalivha	oalivher

Group II

Case	Singular	Plural	Example:	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	--	-r	"device"	aisha	aishar
Genitive	-m	-(')en		aisham	aisha'en
Dative	-vha	-vher		aishavha	aishavher

Group III

Case	Singular	Plural	Example:	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	--	-ir	"road, way"	latas	latasir
Genitive	-ai	-en		latasai	latasen
Dative	-evha	-evher		latasevha	latasevher

Taekhosir Emael Dyyh'kraiin - Irregular Nouns

There are a small number of nouns in common use that decline irregularly. These are:

hfai, "servant"

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	hfai	hfehan
Genitive	hfeham	hfehen
Dative	hfaevha	hfaevher

hfihar, "house, clan"

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	hfihar	hfihrnn
Genitive	hfirh	hfirhin
Dative	hfihevha	hfihevher

ravsam, "sibling"

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	ravsam	ravsai
Genitive	ravsem	ravsen
Dative	rasevha	rasevher

Like this are also declined all nouns ending in -sam in their dictionary (Nom-Acc) form. rhadam, "person"

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Accusative	rhadam	rhadai
Genitive	rhadem	rhaden
Dative	rhaevha	rhaevher

Like this are also declined all nouns ending in -am (but not -sam!!) in their dictionary (Nom-Acc) form.

I'hhaemn'iut'hilledh Taekhosen - Derivation of Nouns

Nouns can be derived from other words in several ways, notably

• from verbs, with the suffix -elh, to create a deverbal noun, e.g. plhere'elh, "entrance (place to enter)" from the verb plhere, "to enter";

• from verbs, with the suffix -sam, to create a deverbal noun, similar to -elh above;

• from verbs, with the suffix -(i)fv, to create a deverbal noun, similar to -elh and -sam above. The i is inserted if the verb-root ends in a consonant; from verbs, with the prefix tem-, to create an action noun, e.g. templhere, "entry, entrance (act of entering)";

• from verbs, with the suffix -lai, to create an action noun, similar to tem- above;

• from verbs, using the affix-set i- ... -edh, to create an "-tion"/"-sion" noun, e.g. ivuinedh, "permission" from the verb vhuin, "to permit, to allow";

• from verbs, using the suffix -nen, to create an agent - one who does the activity specified by the verb, e.g. kholhnen, "defender"; the same can be created with the suffix -asi (kholhasi), this is a more poetic form, however. Further rarely-used or poetic ways of forming the agent include the prefixes ra'-, ro- and la- or the suffix -an;

• from verbs, using the affix-set la- ... -(e)ri, to create a noun which is the object of the root verb, e.g. larhudheri, "employee", from the verb rhudh, "to employ, to use" (The e is dropped if the verb root ends in e or a. Meaning the same thing is the suffix -hai, but this is less-commonly encountered than the ra-...-eri affix set;

• from nouns, with the suffix -asi or -a, forming an agentive;

• from nouns, with the suffix -ma, which corresponds to the English suffix "-ship";

• from nouns, with the suffix -'dhenn, which corresponds to the English suffix "-y", as in "agent > agency";

• from nouns, with the prefix eir-, which corresponds to the English suffix "-ate";

• from adjectives, using the suffix -'le, corresponding to English "-ness", e.g. eiheu'le, "calm, calmness", from the adjective eiheu, "calm";

• from adjectives, using the suffix -sam, corresponding to English "-ance" and "-ism";

• from adjectives, using the suffix -no, corresponding to English "-ity", e.g. aledno, "ability", from the adjective aled, "able".

There are a number of other affixes that can be used to form new nouns; these are generally affixed to other nouns, but can be added to other words too, sometimes:

• al'- indicates an improvement in the root;

• d'- is an honorific, giving the meaning "grand, great" to the root;

• ehl'- indicates a loss, a lack, or a deficiency in the root;

• el'- indicates an increase in the root, or a more advanced or superior level of the root;

• ne- indicates a decrease in the root, or a less advanced or inferior level of the root;

• di'- indicates a male gender of the root (generally used only with nouns denoting living beings);

• ri'- indicates a female gender of the root;

• -al is a diminutive;

• -hwy indicates that the root is tamed, or in some way held or restrained.

Ssiun'taekhosir - Pronouns

Coming Soon