Romulan Dictionary: Difference between revisions
(Irregular Nouns) |
(Derivation of Nouns) |
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Like this are also declined all nouns ending in -am (but not -sam!!) in their dictionary (Nom-Acc) form. | Like this are also declined all nouns ending in -am (but not -sam!!) in their dictionary (Nom-Acc) form. | ||
==I'hhaemn'iut'hilledh Taekhosen - Derivation of Nouns== | ==I'hhaemn'iut'hilledh Taekhosen - Derivation of Nouns== | ||
Nouns can be derived from other words in several ways, notably | |||
{| | |||
*from verbs, with the suffix -elh, to create a deverbal noun, e.g. plhere'elh, "entrance (place to enter)" from the verb plhere, "to enter"; | |||
{| | |||
*from verbs, with the suffix -sam, to create a deverbal noun, similar to -elh above; | |||
{| | |||
*from verbs, with the suffix -(i)fv, to create a deverbal noun, similar to -elh and -sam above. The i is inserted if the verb-root ends in a consonant; from verbs, with the prefix tem-, to create an action noun, e.g. templhere, "entry, entrance (act of entering)"; | |||
{| | |||
*from verbs, with the suffix -lai, to create an action noun, similar to tem- above; | |||
{| | |||
*from verbs, using the affix-set i- ... -edh, to create an "-tion"/"-sion" noun, e.g. ivuinedh, "permission" from the verb vhuin, "to permit, to allow"; | |||
{| | |||
*from verbs, using the suffix -nen, to create an agent - one who does the activity specified by the verb, e.g. kholhnen, "defender"; the same can be created with the suffix -asi (kholhasi), this is a more poetic form, however. Further rarely-used or poetic ways of forming the agent include the prefixes ra'-, ro- and la- or the suffix -an; | |||
{| | |||
*from verbs, using the affix-set la- ... -(e)ri, to create a noun which is the object of the root verb, e.g. larhudheri, "employee", from the verb rhudh, "to employ, to use" (The e is dropped if the verb root ends in e or a. Meaning the same thing is the suffix -hai, but this is less-commonly encountered than the ra-...-eri affix set; | |||
{| | |||
*from nouns, with the suffix -asi or -a, forming an agentive; | |||
{| | |||
*from nouns, with the suffix -ma, which corresponds to the English suffix "-ship"; | |||
{| | |||
*from nouns, with the suffix -'dhenn, which corresponds to the English suffix "-y", as in "agent > agency"; | |||
{| | |||
*from nouns, with the prefix eir-, which corresponds to the English suffix "-ate"; | |||
{| | |||
*from adjectives, using the suffix -'le, corresponding to English "-ness", e.g. eiheu'le, "calm, calmness", from the adjective eiheu, "calm"; | |||
{| | |||
*from adjectives, using the suffix -sam, corresponding to English "-ance" and "-ism"; | |||
{| | |||
*from adjectives, using the suffix -no, corresponding to English "-ity", e.g. aledno, "ability", from the adjective aled, "able". | |||
{| | |||
There are a number of other affixes that can be used to form new nouns; these are generally affixed to other nouns, but can be added to other words too, sometimes: | |||
{| | |||
*al'- indicates an improvement in the root; | |||
{| | |||
*d'- is an honorific, giving the meaning "grand, great" to the root; | |||
{| | |||
*ehl'- indicates a loss, a lack, or a deficiency in the root; | |||
{| | |||
*el'- indicates an increase in the root, or a more advanced or superior level of the root; | |||
{| | |||
*ne- indicates a decrease in the root, or a less advanced or inferior level of the root; | |||
{| | |||
*di'- indicates a male gender of the root (generally used only with nouns denoting living beings); | |||
{| | |||
*ri'- indicates a female gender of the root; | |||
{| | |||
*-al is a diminutive; | |||
{| | |||
*-hwy indicates that the root is tamed, or in some way held or restrained. | |||
{| | |||
==Ssiun'taekhosir Pronouns== | |||
Coming Soon | Coming Soon | ||
Revision as of 20:26, 6 January 2012
Romulan Language
Edaihtir u'Rhirhalir Abhhilir - Useful Words and Phrases
Greetings
jolan'tru: semiformal hello/goodbye; most common greeting.
y'hhau: informal hello/goodbye; generally used only between close friends and relatives of similar age.
aefvadh: formal greeting "be welcome".
shaoi ben: formal greeting, superior to inferior.
shaoi dan: formal greeting between equals.
shaoi kon: formal greeting, inferior to superior.
bedah: formal goodbye.
bed aoi: "goodbye forever".
Adverbs & Adjectives & Others
ie: yes
dhat: no.
daie: yes (inferior to superior).
au'e: yes indeed! oh, yes! (emphatic affirmative).
patned pra krsh: never.
ssaer?: why?
fvah?: what?
khnai'ra: thank you (semi-formal; formal, between equals).
khnai'ru rhissiuy: thank you (formal, superior to inferior).
khlinae arhem: thank you (formal, inferior to superior).
iumnau: urgent.
mnekha: correct, right; excellent. (superior to inferior, or between equals).
mnek'nra: correct, right; excellent. (inferior to superior).
rha?: is that so? oh, really? (rather sarcastic).
ta'krenn!: look at that! look!.
Insults
hevam: human (derogatory).
klivam: Klingon (derogatory).
khoi-udt: drop dead.
vah-udt?: what rank? (are you to be ordering me).
fvadt: damn it! damn!.
The following insults can be used either alone, or in sentences, or following "hwiiy", which means "you are":
veruul: fool
hhakh: stupid
dyypan: incompetent
ryakna: garbage
nohtho: crazy
knvuk: ugly
kllhe: sh**-eater
fehill'curak: a**crack
hnaev: sh*t
susse-thrai: she-wolf, b**ch
amton'wi-kha: sl*t; promiscuous
Terms of Endearment
jol-ao au: I love you.
e'lev: my love, dear, darling.
sahe'lagge: passionflower.
h'levreinnye: love-devil, lust-devil.
Forms of Address; People; Organisations
rinam: sister
dinam: brother
ri'nanov: mother
di'ranov: father
rian:cousin
ke'rhin: fellow Rihanha
Rihan: Romulan (adjective, e.g. the Romulan language)
Rihanha: a Romulan person
Rihannsu: a group of Romulan people
Rihanh: the Romulan nation/race/people as a whole
rekkhai: sir/madam (in Galae)
lhhai: sir (outside Galae)
lhhei: madam (outside Galae)
Khe'lloann'mnhehorael: Klingon Empire (common; informal)
Klling'hann Nneikha: Klingon Empire (formal)
Klling'hann: Klingon (adjective or noun; polite/formal)
Khe'lloann'na: a citizen of the Klingon Empire
Lloann'mhrahel: UFP
Lloann'na: a citizen of the UFP
lloannen'galae: Starfleet
Galae s'Shiar: Imperial Fleet
Tal'Shiar: Imperial Police
Kiith Mevroqq'ghi: Diplomatic Corps
Ilnetha'aihrifv: Economic Corps/Merchant Marines
Rei'kara: Imperial Legion
Khhiu'draao s'Shiar: Imperial Land Army
Phrases
Ssuaj-ha.: Understood. (formal/military use, inferior to superior)
Ssuaj.: I understand. (non-formal, common use)
Ssuaj-difv?: Do you understand?
H'ta-fvau.: Return at once (to last position).
Hteij'rhau.: Activate transporter.
Hallh'na.: Report to me at once.
Hnafirh'rau.: Let me see.
Ie'yyak-hnah!: Fire phaser!
Hyaa-aifv-hnah!: Fire disruptor!
Ihlla'nh.: That's just enough; That'll do; You'll do.
Qiuu mnekha?: Is everyone well? (superior to inferior)
Qiuu mnek'nra?: Is everyone well? (inferior to superior)
Qiuu mnekha.: Everyone is well. (superior to inferior)
Qiuu mnek'nra.: Everyone is well. (inferior to superior)
Military Ranks
Galae - Grand Fleet
| Rihan Rank | English Translation | Federation Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| galae'Enriov | Fleet Senior Commander | Admiral of the Fleet |
| khre'Enriov | Fleet Deputy Commander | Vice-Admiral of the Fleet |
| Enriov | Senior Commander | Admiral |
| khre'Riov | Commander-General | Commodore |
| Riov | Commander | Captain |
| erei'Riov | Sub-Commander | Commander |
| Enarrain | Senior Centurion | Lieutenant Commander |
| Arrain | Centurion | Lieutenant |
| erei'Arrain | Sub-Centurion | Lieutenant JG |
| Erein | Junior Sub-Centurion | Ensign |
| erei'Erein | Crewman | Midshipman |
Tal'Shiar - Imperial Security Service
| Rihan Rank | English Translation | Federation Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| Dhaemnasi | Chairman of the Imperial Intelligence Committee | - |
| Khren | Police General | - |
| khellrea'Riov | General of the Directorate | - |
| Riov | Brigadier | - |
| Ssiebh | Colonel | - |
| Aendeh | Major | - |
| Enarrain | Captain | - |
| Arrain | Lieutenant | - |
| Erein | Centurion | - |
| Lhaell | Corporal | - |
| erei'Lhaell | Lance Corporal | - |
| Uhlan | Private | - |
| ben'Lehrei | Agent-Recruit | - |
Kiith Mrevhoqq'ghi - Diplomatic Corps
| Rihan Rank | English Translation | Federation Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| hru'Kiith | Chairman of the Diplomatic Corps | - |
| Llairhi (male form) | Ambassador | - |
| Llaudh (female form) | Ambassador | - |
| Lleifven | Attache | - |
| Auethnen | Advisor | - |
| Ehkifv | Consul | - |
| Kharifv | Mediator | - |
| Kolaes | Emissary | - |
| Hmnial | Aide-de-Camp | - |
Ilnetha'aihrifv - Economic Service
| Rihan Rank | English Translation | Federation Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| re'Aefvriha | Chairman of the Economic Corps | - |
| Telaet Fvrihai | Senior Administrator | - |
| Uhlan Fvrihai | Junior Administrator | - |
| Telaet Esael | Senior Manager | - |
| Esael | Manager | - |
| Uhlan Esael | Junior Manager | - |
| Ilnetha | Merchant | - |
| Fvehai | Worker | - |
| Telaet Arrhai | Senior Teamster | - |
| Arrhai | Teamster | - |
| Uhlan Arrhai | Junior Teamster | - |
| Eredh | Cadet | - |
Rei'kara; Khhiu'draao - Imperial Legion; Land Army
| Rihan Rank | English Translation | British Army Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| draao'Daeus | - | Field Marshall (Land Army) |
| kara'Daeus | - | Field Marshall (Imperial Legion) |
| Daeus | - | General |
| Riov | - | Lieutenant General |
| erei'Riov | - | Major General |
| khre'Ssiebh | - | Brigadier |
| Ssiebh | - | Colonel |
| erei'Ssiebh | - | Lieutenant Colonel |
| Aendeh | - | Major |
| Enarrain | - | Captain |
| Arrain | - | Lieutenant |
| erei'Arrain | - | Second Lieutenant |
| khre'Erein | - | Regimental Sergeant Major |
| erhwi'Erein | - | Company Sergeant Major |
| Erein | - | Staff Sergeant |
| erei'Erein | - | Sergeant |
| Lhaell | - | Corporal |
| erei'Lhaell | - | Lance Corporal |
| Uhlan | - | Private |
H'treain ih'ssouhir - Alien Races
| Rihan Planet | Rihan Race Adjective | Rihan Race Noun | Rihan Race Noun Plural | English Planet | English Race Adjective | English Race Noun | English Race Noun Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ch'Andor | Andor | Andorha | Andorsu | Andor | Andorian | Andorian | Andorians |
| ch'Antikh | Antikh | Antikh'ha | Antikhsu | Antica | Antican | Antican | Anticans |
| ch'Arbhas | Arbhas | Arbhasha | Arbhassu | Arbaz | Arbazan | Arbazan | Arbazans |
| ch'Arkhtur | Arkhtur | Arkhturha | Arkhtursu | Arcturus | Arcturian | Arcturian | Arcturians |
| ch'Arghelh | Arghel | Arghelha | Arghelsu | Argelius | Argelian | Argelian | Argelians |
| ch'Bah'jor | Bah'jor | Bah'jorha | Bah'jorsu | Bajor | Bajoran | Bajoran | Bajorans |
| ch'Brhein | Brhein | Brheinha | Brheinsu | Breen | Breen | Breen | Breens |
| ch'Krehan | Krehan | Krehanha | Krehennsu | Bynaus | Bynar | Bynar | Bynars |
| ch'Kah't | Kah'tan | Kah'tanha | Kah'tannsu | Cait | Caitian | Caitian | Caitians |
| ch'Card'hass | Card'hassin | Card'hassinha | Card'hassinnsu | Cardassia | Cardassian | Cardassian | Cardassians |
| ch'Siallh | Siallh | Siallh'ha | Siallhsu | Delta | Deltan | Deltan | Deltans |
| ch'Denebh | Denebhan | Denebhanha | Denebhannsu | Deneb | Denebian | Denebian | Denebians |
| ch'Feh'reng | Feh'rengi | Feh'rengha | Feh'rengsu | Ferenganor | Ferengi | Ferengi | Ferengis |
| ch'Ghorrn | Ghorrn | Ghorrnha | Ghorrnnsu | Gornar | Gorn | Gorn | Gorns |
| Krhonosh | Klling'hann | Klling'hanha | Klling'hannsu | Qo'noS | Klingon | Klingon | Klingons |
| - | Orhyhon | Orhyhonha | Orhyhonnsu | - | Orion | Orion | Orions |
| ch'Rheiji | Rheiji | Rheijiha | Rheijisu | Rigel | Rigelian | Rigelian | Rigelians |
| Terrha (Sol III) | Terrhain | Terrhaha | Terrhasu | Terra (Sol III) | Terran | Terran | Terrans |
| ch'Trhil | Trhil | Trhilha | Trhilsu | Trill | Trill | Trill | Trills |
| Thaaei | Thaes | Thaesha | Thaessu | Vulcan | Vulcan | Vulcan | Vulcans |
Mheiset Fvhachhuus Erh'illen - Periodic Chart of the Elements
| Atomic Number | Terran Symbol | English Name | Rihan Symbol | Rihan Name | Name Etymology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | Hydrogen | A | Aekkhwidaehp | Water-create |
| 2 | He | Helium | Ei | Eihssill | Sun-element |
| 3 | Li | Lithium | J | Jorrill | Stone-element |
| 4 | Be | Beryllium | Akh | Akhiyill | Black-element |
| 5 | B | Boron | Ea | Eahaill | Sweet-element |
| 6 | C | Carbon | Ish | Ishaeill | Burn-element |
| 7 | N | Nitrogen | Nn | Nnoihrdaehp | Acid-create |
| 8 | O | Oxygen | Lhd | Lhaeldaehp | Air-create |
| 9 | F | Fluorine | Ghy | Ghoyill | Poison-element |
| 10 | Ne | Neon | Mll | Mollaill | New-element |
| 11 | Na | Sodium | H | Hillhaill | Ash-element |
| 12 | Mg | Magnesium | R | Ratleihfill | Ra'tleihfi city-element |
| 13 | Al | Aluminum | Mdh | Mnaudhill | Strength-element |
| 14 | Si | Silicon | Kh | Khaaill | Sand-element |
| 15 | P | Phosphorus | L | Liorill | Light-element |
| 16 | S | Sulphur | Lln | Llaiirnhaih | Fire-stone |
| 17 | Cl | Chlorine | Sy | Saiyill | yellowish green-element |
| 18 | Ar | Argon | Dae | Daeopill | Lazy-element |
| 19 | K | Potassium | S | Sahhill | Destroy-element |
| 20 | Ca | Calcium | Mn | Mnihnhaih | Bone-stone |
| 21 | Sc | Scandium | Das | Dastill | Davast city-element |
| 22 | Ti | Titanium | Hi | Harienill | S'Harien-element |
| 23 | V | Vanadium | Hr | Harill | S'Harien-element |
| 24 | Cr | Chromium | E | Eijill | Colour-element |
| 25 | Mn | Manganese | Rl | Raleihfill | Ra'tleihfi city-element |
| 26 | Fe | Iron | Y | Yyhaeih | Iron |
| 27 | Co | Cobalt | Lhy | Lhaiyill | Blue-element |
| 28 | Ni | Nickel | Km | Kaehhmneahj | False-copper |
| 29 | Cu | Copper | M | Mneahj | Copper |
| 30 | Zn | Zinc | Aehh | Aehrrimtill | Metal-salt-element |
| 31 | Ga | Gallium | Dv | Davill | Davast city-element |
| 32 | Ge | Germanium | Kth | Korthrill | Korthre region-element |
| 33 | As | Arsenic | Rha | Rhaimnill | Yellow-element |
| 34 | Se | Selenium | Fv | Fvurill | Moon-element |
| 35 | Br | Bromine | Do | Doakhill | Stench-element |
| 36 | Kr | Krypton | Klh | Kilhrill | Cloaked-element |
| 37 | Rb | Rubidium | Mn | Mneanill | Red-element |
| 38 | Sr | Strontium | Rht | Rhaimtill | Yellow-salt-element |
| 39 | Y | Yttrium | Uth | Uthill | Iuruth city-element |
| 40 | Zy | Zirconium | Is | Isaealill | Little-gold-element |
| 41 | Nb | Niobium | Kei | Kveinnill | (fartravel ship) Kveinn-element |
| 42 | Mb | Molybdenum | Dae | Diadaehhrr | Heavy-metal |
| 43 | Tc | Technetium | Ihh | Iahhwilill | Technology-element |
| 44 | Ru | Ruthenium | Ys | Ysill | Ysail planet-element |
| 45 | Rh | Rhodium | Ai | Aimneill | Hfihar Aimne-element |
| 46 | Pd | Palladium | Ih | Ihrhill | Asteroid-element |
| 47 | Ag | Silver | Lh | Lhohnu | Silver |
| 48 | Cd | Cadmium | Bhi | Bhihhrill | Electro-metal-element |
| 49 | In | Indium | Ihh | Ihhlill | Ihhliae city-element |
| 50 | Sn | Tin | Aye | Ayeirh | White-soft |
| 51 | Sb | Antimony | Lhr | Lhohrhaaer | Silver-crystal |
| 52 | Te | Tellurium | Ei | Eisnill | Eisn-element |
| 53 | I | Iodine | Shb | Shibill | Violet-element |
| 54 | Xe | Xenon | Ed | Edaolill | Strange-element |
| 55 | Cs | Cesium | Ie | Iesiyill | Grey-element |
| 56 | Ba | Barium | Dd | Diadill | Heavy-element |
| 57 | La | Lanthanum | Dr | Dedrenill | Hidden-element |
| 58 | Ce | Cerium | Aev | Aevnuill | React-element |
| 59 | Pr | Praseodymium | Eh | Ehrill | Green-element |
| 60 | Nd | Neodymium | Kr | Kremollill | Two-new-element |
| 61 | Pm | Promethium | Ec | Eihsscaevrill | Sunheart-element (a Fartravel ship, Eihsscaevra) |
| 62 | Sm | Samarium | Ey | Eyivill | Helmet-element (a Fartravel ship, Eyiv s'Rea) |
| 63 | Eu | Europium | Rhh | Rhehivill | Rhehiv'je city-element |
| 64 | Gd | Gadolinium | Wr | Wraetill | Wraet-element (Wraet tr'Ethien, scientist) |
| 65 | Tb | Terbium | Ur | Uruill | Iuruth city-element |
| 66 | Dy | Dysprosium | Sp | Spoliurrhill | Hard-approach-element |
| 67 | Ho | Holmium | Vst | Vastill | Davast city-element |
| 68 | Er | Erbium | Rth | Ruthill | Iuruth city-element |
| 69 | Tm | Thulium | J | Jullhehill | Jullheh planet-element |
| 70 | yb | Ytterbium | Ill | Iurill | Iuruth city-element |
| 71 | Lu | Lutetium | Isn | Isneihill | Yellow-element |
| 72 | Hf | Hafnium | Del | Delill | Del city-element |
| 73 | Ta | Tantalum | Ao | Aoifutaihill | Forever-dry-element |
| 74 | W | Tungsten | Dnh | Diadnhaihill | Heavy-stone-element |
| 75 | Re | Rhenium | Gg | Galgathill | Gal'gaththong region-element |
| 76 | Os | Osmium | Dnn | Daennhill | Odour-element |
| 77 | Ir | Iridium | Q | Qiueijill | All-colour-element |
| 78 | Pt | Platinum | Lhl | Lhohnal | Little-silver |
| 79 | Au | Gold | I | Isaehj | Gold |
| 80 | Hg | Mercury | Ylh | Yhfilhohnu | Fast-silver |
| 81 | Tl | Thallium | Urr | Urrhillhill | Glass-element |
| 82 | Pb | Lead | Iyy | Irhyyh | Soft-iron |
| 83 | Bi | Bismuth | Mhh | Mneanaehhrr | Red-metal |
| 84 | Po | Polonium | Thj | Theijhoiill | Theijhoi city-element |
| 85 | At | Astatine | Lth | Llitheyesill | Without-stable-element |
| 86 | Rn | Radon | Fae | Faetill | Ray-element |
| 87 | Fr | Francium | Dvs | Davastill | Davast city-element |
| 88 | Ra | Radium | Fr | Faetorill | Ray-element |
| 89 | Ac | Actinium | Fnh | Faetenhill | Radiating-element |
| 90 | Th | Thorium | Mhv | Mhevill | Mheven-element (Mheven t'Khev, scientist) |
| 91 | Pa | Protactinium | Nhw | Nuhwirfaetill | Fisrt-ray-element |
| 92 | U | Uranium | Hv | Havrill | ch'Havran planet-element |
| 93 | Np | Neptunium | Ys | Ysailill | Ysail planet-element |
| 94 | Pu | Plutonium | El | Eilhaunnill | Eilhaunn planet-element |
| 95 | Am | Americium | Aih | Aihill | Aihai city-element |
| 96 | Cu | Curium | Hr | Hrientehill | Hfihar Hrienteh-element |
| 97 | Bk | Berkelium | Iur | Iuruthill | Iuruth city-element |
| 98 | Cf | Californium | Rih | Rihanill | ch'Rihan planet-element |
| 99 | Es | Einsteinium | Kll | Kiellill | Hfihar Kiell-element |
| 100 | Fm | Fermium | Eth | Ethienill | Hfihar Ethien-element |
| 101 | Md | Mendelevium | Aa | Aanikhill | Hfihar Aanikh-element |
| 102 | No | Nobelium | Arh | Anierhill | Hfihar Anierh-element |
| 103 | Lw | Lawrencium | Ath | Asenthill | Hfihar Asenth-element |
| 104 | Ku | Kurchatovium | Lll | Lhoellill | Hfihar Lhoell-element |
| 105 | Hh | Hahnium | Khv | Khevill | Hfihar Khev-element |
| 106 | Sg | Seaborgium | Khfv | Khufveill | 106-element |
| 107 | Bh | Bohrium | Khll | Khulliill | 107-element |
| 108 | Hs | Hassium | Khth | Khutheill | 108-element |
| 109 | Mt | Meitnerium | Khlh | Khulhiill | 109-element |
| 110 | Uun | Ununnillium | Khdh | Khudhaill | 110-element |
| 111 | Uuu | Unununium | Khhw | Khudhahwiill | 111-element |
| 112 | Uub | Ununbium | Khdhk | Khudhakreill | 112-element |
| 113 | Uut | Ununtrium | Khdhs | Khudhaseiill | 113-element |
| 114 | Uuq | Ununquadrium | Khdhm | Khudhamneill | 114-element |
| 115 | Uup | Ununpentium | Khdhrh | Khudharhiill | 115-element |
| 116 | Uuh | Ununhexium | Khdhfv | Khdhafveill | 116-element |
| 117 | Uus | Ununseptium | Khdhll | Khudhalliill | 117-element |
| 118 | Uuo | Ununoctium | Khdhth | Khudhatheill | 118-element |
| 119 | Uuv | Ununnovenium | Khdhlh | Khudhalhiill | 119-element |
| 120 | Ubn | Unbinilium | Khku | Khukralliuill | 120-element |
| 121 | Ubu | Unbiunium | Khkh | Khukrahwiill | 121-element |
| 122 | Ubb | Unbibium | Khkk | Khukrakreill | 122-element |
| 123 | Ubt | Unbitrium | Khks | Khukraseiill | 123-element |
Mnakhao ih'peraere - Number System
The following are the cardinal numerals in Rihan:
(0 - lliu) (1 - hwi) (2 - kre) (3 - sei) (4 - mne) (5 - rhi) (6 - fve) (7 - lli) (8 - the) (9 - lhi) (10 - dha) (100 - khu)
The above are the basic cardinal numbers; all other cardinal numbers are derived from the above; tens and hundreds derived from the above bases by a vowel change, as listed following:
(20 - kra) (30 - seha) (40 - mnha) (50 - rha) (60 - fvha) (70 - lla) (80 - thha) (90 - lha) (200 - kru) (300 - sehu) (400 - mnhu) (500 - rhu) (600 - fvhu) (700 - llu) (800 - thhu) (900 - lhu)
Numbers from eleven to ninety-nine are formed in a regular manner as illustrated by the following examples:
(32 - seha'kre) (53 - rha'sei) (69 - fvha'lhi)
Numbers from 101 to 999 are also formed regularly:
(367 - sehu-fvha'lli) (442 - mnhu-mnha'kre) (980 - lhu-thha)
The word for "thousand" is dhei. Its use is quite regular, too, however its regularity is quite different from English.
(1000 - hwi dhei) (1111 - hwi dhei khu-dha'hwi) (2000 - kre dhei) (43 269 - mnha'sei dhei fvhu-kra'sei) (365 201 - sehu-fvha'rhi dhei kru'hwi)
The illustration above may give the impression that dhei functions almost identically to English "thousand", however, this is not the case, as its function is to represent any group of three zeroes. Millions and numbers larger are also expressed using dhei, like this:
(1 million - hwi kre-dhei) (2 million - kre kre-dhei)
It can be noted above that "one million" is formed as "two dheis" - meaning something akin to "one two-groups-of-three-zeroes", which is exactly what a million is - a one followed by three zeroes. Further examples follow:
(10 million - dha kre-dhei) (1 billion - hwi sei-dhei) (93 trillion - lha'sei mnhe-dhei)
Fractions are formed with the particle erh', with the denominator first, for example seha erh'lli means "seven thirtieths."
The decimal point is represented by the word errah, with numbers after the decimal point pronounced separately. "3.1415" would be rendered as sei errah hwi mne hwi rhi.
Ordinal numbers are formed from cardinals as adjectives are formed from nouns, with the affix-set nu-...-r, e.g. nuhwir, "first", nudha'lhir, "nineteenth", and so on.
Adverbs indicating a number of occasions are formed regularly with the prefix caehh'-, with the exception of "once", which is joaie. The others are all, however, formed regularly: caehh'kre, "twice", caehh'kru-kra'kre, "222 times", etc.
Sien - Time / Hveith - Calendar
Sien - Time
The Rihannsu, as the records of The Arrival state, were extremely lucky when they stumbled upon the Eisn system. The ch'Rihan/ch'Havran pair revolve around Eisn in a very stable orbit, a few degrees off from the 'horizontal' plane. There is very little wobble in their path, and it is less elipsoidal than the Terra/Luna pair which results in less drastic season changes throughout the year.
The two bodies orbit Eisn once every 380 days, as per ch'Rihan's day cycle. Being a decimal (base-10) oriented culture, the day was broken into hours, minutes, and seconds based on factors of ten. In order to maintain some consistency with existing time standards carried from Vulcan (they wanted a 'second' to approximate what they were used to as much as possible), the day was broken up thusly:
* 1 Year = 380 days * 1 Day = 16 hours * 1 hour = 100 minutes * 1 minute = 100 seconds
For reference, the Rihan 'minute' is equal to 55 Terran seconds, and the Rihan Second is only a few micro-seconds off from the Vulcan Second. Following these comparisons, the Rihan day is approximately 27 Terran minutes longer than Terra's, and the Rihan year is just under 22 days longer than a terran year.
Empirical time is constant throughout the Empire, based on the offical clock as positioned in the Empire's capital, Ra'tleihfhi, on ch'Rihan. There are no timezones, however other occupied planets do maintain 'local times' based on the particular planet's orbital/time system. All clocks and time-display devices are synchronized to Empirical Time as well however, to assure consistency.
Hveith - Calendar
As with most cultures that divide their year into 'months' based on seasonal patterns or orbitting bodies, the Rihan Month system is based on the orbital path of the ch'Rihan/ch'Havran pair, which completes a full cycle every 20 days. Therefore, the Rihan year is divided into 19 months, each consisting of two ten-day 'weeks'. Since seasonal changes are minimal on the homeworlds throughout the year (a fluctuation of +/- 12° celsius on average between their 'winter' and 'summer'), months are determined by the orbital path of ch'Rihan's sister-moon, ch'Havran, and where it appears in the sky. The first week of the month, Eisn appears higher in the sky than ch'Havran, and lower in the second week (coincidently, using Eisn as reference from ch'Havran, the same holds true on ch'Havran: Eisn will appear 'higher' in the sky than ch'Rihan, and vice-versa). The first day of a new month is easily noticed on ch'Rihan's capital city, since it involves a partial eclipse that lasts a couple of hours during the day. The months and weeks are named thusly:
* First Month of Fire Khaidoa nuhwir s'Okhala (Fire representing the warmth and light of Summer)
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 1-10)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 11-20)
* Second Month of Fire Khaidoa nukrer s'Okhala
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 21-30)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 31-40)
* Third Month of Fire Khaidoa nuseir s'Okhala
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 41-50)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 51-60)
* Fourth Month of Fire Khaidoa numner s'Okhala
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 61-70)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 71-80)
* First Month of Air Khaidoa nuhwir s'Jaeih (Air representing the colder winds of Fall)
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 81-90)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 91-100)
* Second Month of Air Khaidoa nukrer s'Jaeih
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 101-110)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 111-120)
* Third Month of Air Khaidoa nuseir s'Jaeih
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 121-130)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 131-140)
* Fourth Month of Air Khaidoa numner s'Jaeih
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 141-150)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 151-160)
* Fifth Month of Air Khaidoa nurhir s'Jaeih
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 161-170)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 171-180)
* First Month of Earth Khaidoa nuhwir s'Avilh (Earth representing the darker and harder soils of Winter)
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 181-190)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 191-200)
* Second Month of Earth Khaidoa nukrer s'Avilh
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 201-210)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 211-220)
* Third Month of Earth Khaidoa nuseir s'Avilh
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 221-230)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 231-240)
* Fourth Month of Earth Khaidoa numner s'Avilh
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 241-250)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 251-260)
* Fifth Month of Earth Khaidoa nurhir s'Avilh
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 261-270)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 271-280)
* First Month of Water Khaidoa nuhwir s'Ihhuein (Water representing the rains and frost-melting of Spring)
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 281-290)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 291-300)
* Second Month of Water Khaidoa nukrer s'Ihhuein
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 301-310)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 311-320)
* Third Month of Water Khaidoa nuseir s'Ihhuein
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 321-330)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 331-340)
* Fourth Month of Water Khaidoa numner s'Ihhuein
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 341-350)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 351-360)
* Fifth Month of Water Khaidoa nurhir s'Ihhuein
o First Week Dhaei nuhwir (Day 361-370)
o Second Week Dhaei nukrer (Day 371-380)
Dates are written in the format of: 'Nth day of [month]-[high/low]Eisn, year AS (After Shipfall)'; there are three ways to write the date -
formal, common, and short:
Formal Written
Shad nudha'lhir khaidoam nuseir s'Avilh, Eisn ihfv, fvheisn hwi dhei llu-thha'lli aihkh Khhiuhiera. Nineteenth day of the third month of
Earth, low Eisn, year one thousand seven hundred eighty-seven after Shipfall.
Common Written
Sh. nu19r kh. nu3r s'Avilh, Eisn ihfv, fvh. 1787 aK 19th d. of 3rd m. of Earth, low Eisn, y. 1787 AS
Short Written
13-3-Avilh, E.i., 1787 aK 13-3-Earth, l.E., 1787 AS
Fvullhanhir - Substantives
Taekhosir - Nouns
Rihan nouns decline for case and number. There are two numbers, singular and plural, and three cases: Nominative-Accusative (also sometimes called 'common'), Genitive (possessive) and Dative (indirect object).
The Nominative-Accusative is used for both subject and direct object; the difference can be easily discerned by context, as Rihannsu has a fixed Verb-Object-Subject or Subject-Verb-Object word order; if no subject is present, the order is Verb-Object, and if no object is present, the order is Subject-Verb. An exception is the imperative: the object of the imperative always immediately precedes the imperative verb.
There are four regular declensions of nouns in Rihan, one for proper nouns and three for common nouns.
Proper nouns decline thusly:
| Singular | Plural | Example: | Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative-Accusative | (-ha) | -su | "a Romulan" | Rihanha | Rihannsu |
| Genitive | s'- | ch- | s'Rihan | ch'Rihan | |
| Dative | -(h)'ri | -su'ri | Rihanh'ri | Rihannsu'ri |
- e- : Common prefix indicating departure from one's hfihar (used in second name). For example, if a certain Galan i-Mhiessan tr'Khellian were to marry a t'Lhoell woman, his name would change to Galan e-Khellian tr'Lhoell - the married name generally replaces the locative second name. Optionally, the locative can remain (often used on formal documents or formal situations), giving a name such as Galan i-Mhiessan e-Khellian tr'Lhoell. However, if the male in question is hru'Hfirh of his hfihar, he does not take this name, because as hru'Hfirh, he cannot leave his hfihar. The case of a male hru'Hfirh marrying is one of the few cases where a woman would leave her hfihar, and in such a case it would be the woman who takes the "e-" second name. Marriage is the most common way of leaving one's house, but there are other situations in which a name such as this would be used. If Galan tr'Khellian were adopted or fostered into s'Lhoell, his name would be as described above - Galan e'Khellian tr'Lhoell. Although becoming outcast from one's hfihar is another way of leaving it, in that case the use of this name would be unacceptable, as this form of name refers to an honourable departure from one's hfihar. The outcast individual becomes an unperson in Romulan society, and would simply be called Galan, or in the unlikely event that clarification would be necessary, Galan i-Mhiessan, however this is unlikely to happen, either, as most Romulans would commit suicide almost immediately upon becoming outcast.
- ei- : If the person is from a specific part of a city, this is used; or, Common elder-name prefix (used in second name); also used when one changes names due to an important event. If Galan i-Mhiessan tr'Khellian was riov of a warship in a victorious battle in the Usubau system, for example, he may decide to change his name to Galan ei-Usubau tr'Khellian. In formal situations and on formal documents, his full name would be listed as Galan i-Mhiessan ei-Usubau tr'Khellian. One could have several "ei-" form names, in fact, but would generally use only the one most appropriate to a given situation.
- i- : This is a very common locative-name prefix indicating that the person was born in the city (not town or village) named.
- ir- : This is another very common locative-name prefix, differing from "i-" in that it indicates the person's origin as being from the district, province or planet indicated. If the person in question is from a town or village, he would use this prefix with the name of the district or province in which his town is located. If he is from an unincorporated area of a planet, he would use the planet name with this prefix.
- S'- : Male honorific prefix, used very commonly in older (Vulcan) firstnames.
- t'- : Female clan name prefix (used in third name).
- T'- : Female honorific prefix, used very commonly in older (Vulcan) firstnames.
- tr'-: Male clan name prefix (used in third name)
- Group I nouns are those which end in -i or -e;
- Group II nouns are those which end in -a, -o or -u;
- Group III nouns are those ending in a consonant sound.
| Case | Singular | Plural | Example: | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative-Accusative | -- | -in | "arrival" | oali | oaliin |
| Genitive | -n | -en | oalin | oalien | |
| Dative | -vha | -vher | oalivha | oalivher |
| Case | Singular | Plural | Example: | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative-Accusative | -- | -r | "device" | aisha | aishar |
| Genitive | -m | -(')en | aisham | aisha'en | |
| Dative | -vha | -vher | aishavha | aishavher |
| Case | Singular | Plural | Example: | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative-Accusative | -- | -ir | "road, way" | latas | latasir |
| Genitive | -ai | -en | latasai | latasen | |
| Dative | -evha | -evher | latasevha | latasevher |
Taekhosir Emael Dyyh'kraiin - Irregular Nouns
There are a small number of nouns in common use that decline irregularly. These are:
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative-Accusative | hfai | hfehan |
| Genitive | hfeham | hfehen |
| Dative | hfaevha | hfaevher |
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative-Accusative | hfihar | hfihrnn |
| Genitive | hfirh | hfirhin |
| Dative | hfihevha | hfihevher |
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative-Accusative | ravsam | ravsai |
| Genitive | ravsem | ravsen |
| Dative | rasevha | rasevher |
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative-Accusative | rhadam | rhadai |
| Genitive | rhadem | rhaden |
| Dative | rhaevha | rhaevher |
I'hhaemn'iut'hilledh Taekhosen - Derivation of Nouns
Nouns can be derived from other words in several ways, notably
- from verbs, with the suffix -elh, to create a deverbal noun, e.g. plhere'elh, "entrance (place to enter)" from the verb plhere, "to enter";
- from verbs, with the suffix -sam, to create a deverbal noun, similar to -elh above;
- from verbs, with the suffix -(i)fv, to create a deverbal noun, similar to -elh and -sam above. The i is inserted if the verb-root ends in a consonant; from verbs, with the prefix tem-, to create an action noun, e.g. templhere, "entry, entrance (act of entering)";
- from verbs, with the suffix -lai, to create an action noun, similar to tem- above;
- from verbs, using the affix-set i- ... -edh, to create an "-tion"/"-sion" noun, e.g. ivuinedh, "permission" from the verb vhuin, "to permit, to allow";
- from verbs, using the suffix -nen, to create an agent - one who does the activity specified by the verb, e.g. kholhnen, "defender"; the same can be created with the suffix -asi (kholhasi), this is a more poetic form, however. Further rarely-used or poetic ways of forming the agent include the prefixes ra'-, ro- and la- or the suffix -an;
- from verbs, using the affix-set la- ... -(e)ri, to create a noun which is the object of the root verb, e.g. larhudheri, "employee", from the verb rhudh, "to employ, to use" (The e is dropped if the verb root ends in e or a. Meaning the same thing is the suffix -hai, but this is less-commonly encountered than the ra-...-eri affix set;
- from nouns, with the suffix -asi or -a, forming an agentive;
- from nouns, with the suffix -ma, which corresponds to the English suffix "-ship";
- from nouns, with the suffix -'dhenn, which corresponds to the English suffix "-y", as in "agent > agency";
- from nouns, with the prefix eir-, which corresponds to the English suffix "-ate";
- from adjectives, using the suffix -'le, corresponding to English "-ness", e.g. eiheu'le, "calm, calmness", from the adjective eiheu, "calm";
- from adjectives, using the suffix -sam, corresponding to English "-ance" and "-ism";
- from adjectives, using the suffix -no, corresponding to English "-ity", e.g. aledno, "ability", from the adjective aled, "able".
- al'- indicates an improvement in the root;
- d'- is an honorific, giving the meaning "grand, great" to the root;
- ehl'- indicates a loss, a lack, or a deficiency in the root;
- el'- indicates an increase in the root, or a more advanced or superior level of the root;
- ne- indicates a decrease in the root, or a less advanced or inferior level of the root;
- di'- indicates a male gender of the root (generally used only with nouns denoting living beings);
- ri'- indicates a female gender of the root;
- -al is a diminutive;
- -hwy indicates that the root is tamed, or in some way held or restrained.
Ssiun'taekhosir Pronouns
Coming Soon