960
edits
Denobulan/Language: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
m (Adding romanization.) |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Affricates | | style="font-style:italic;" | Affricates | ||
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | t͡s | | style="text-align: center;" | t͡s d͡z | ||
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
* The glottal plosive is only placed between two of the same vowel phones. | * The glottal plosive is only placed between two of the same vowel phones. | ||
* The pre-nasalized plosives [ⁿd] and [ᵑg] are relics of Denobulan's proto-language and can only be found word-initially nowadays. Second language speakers often struggle pronouncing these two phonemes. | * The pre-nasalized plosives [ⁿd] and [ᵑg] are relics of Denobulan's proto-language and can only be found word-initially nowadays. Second language speakers often struggle pronouncing these two phonemes. | ||
* The | * The affricates [t͡s] and [d͡z] are often pronounced as the palato-alveolar affricate [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] due to Federation Standard influences. | ||
** The affricate [d͡z] is sometimes analyzed as dialectal, as it is an extremely rare consonant. | |||
* There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although most speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written phonetically as [β], [z] and [ɦ]. | * There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although most speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written phonetically as [β], [z] and [ɦ]. | ||
* The bilabial fricative [ɸ] sounds like Federation Standard's [f] but does not include the lower teeth touching the upper lip. | * The bilabial fricative [ɸ] sounds like Federation Standard's [f] but does not include the lower teeth touching the upper lip. | ||
| Line 73: | Line 74: | ||
* The bilabial approximant [β̞] sounds like Federation Standard's [w] but does not include pushing the tongue back to the velar. | * The bilabial approximant [β̞] sounds like Federation Standard's [w] but does not include pushing the tongue back to the velar. | ||
* The lateral approximant [l] never velarizes, unlike in Federation Standard (compare "<u>l</u>ab" and "ba<u>ll</u>", the latter is velarized). | * The lateral approximant [l] never velarizes, unlike in Federation Standard (compare "<u>l</u>ab" and "ba<u>ll</u>", the latter is velarized). | ||
[[File:DenobulanVowelChart.png|thumb|right|x225px|Denobulan's vowels visualized in a chart.]] | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
There are eight vowels in Denobulan. The language also distinguishes some vowels by length. Long vowels are spoken for a longer amount of time. The language has no diphthongs. The following | There are eight vowels in Denobulan. The language also distinguishes some vowels by length. Long vowels are spoken for a longer amount of time and sometimes also differ in quality. The language has no diphthongs, meaning there can be only one vowel per syllable. The following tables shows the vowel phonemes of Denobulan: | ||
<div style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 30px;"> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Short | |||
! Front | |||
! Back | |||
|- | |||
| style="font-style:italic;" | High | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | ĭ | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | ŭ | |||
|- | |||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Mid | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | ɪ | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | ɔ̝ | |||
|- | |||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Low | |||
| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ɑ̈ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
<div style="display: inline-table;"> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! Long | ||
! Front | ! Front | ||
! Back | ! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | High | | style="font-style:italic;" | High | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | i | | style="text-align: center;" | i | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | u | | style="text-align: center;" | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Mid | | style="font-style:italic;" | Mid | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | e | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Low | | style="font-style:italic;" | Low | ||
| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ä | | style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ä | ||
|} | |} | ||
</div> | |||
====Notes==== | ====Notes==== | ||
* | * All vowels have a short and long form, except [ɔ̝], which has no long version. | ||
* | * High vowels [i] and [u] do not change in quality between short and long vowels. They only differ in length. | ||
* The mid back vowel [ | * The mid vowel [ɪ] is the short form of [e], not to be confused with [ĭ]. | ||
* The mid back vowel [ɔ̝] becomes the schwa [ə] when unstressed. In stressed situations, this vowel sounds like a mix of [ɔ] and [o], being between the two. | |||
* Vowels will be nasalized slightly when succeeded by nasal consonants. The nasal consonants afterward are still pronounced, though. | |||
* Vowels will be nasalized slightly when succeeded by nasal consonants. The nasal consonants are still pronounced. | |||
===Romanization=== | ===Romanization=== | ||