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Denobulan/Language: Difference between revisions
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* Unlike Federation Standard, Denobulan doesn't aspirize its voiceless plosives. However, in some non-native dialects aspirization can be found. | * Unlike Federation Standard, Denobulan doesn't aspirize its voiceless plosives. However, in some non-native dialects aspirization can be found. | ||
* The glottal plosive is only placed between two of the same vowel phones. | * The glottal plosive is only placed between two of the same vowel phones. | ||
* The pre-nasalized plosives are | * The pre-nasalized plosives [ⁿd] and [ᵑg] are relics of Denobulan's proto-language and can only be found word-initially nowadays. Second language speakers often struggle pronouncing these two phonemes. | ||
* The affricate [t͡s] is often pronounced as the palato-alveolar affricate [t͡ʃ] or sometimes [d͡ʒ] due to Federation Standard influences. | * The affricate [t͡s] is often pronounced as the palato-alveolar affricate [t͡ʃ] or sometimes [d͡ʒ] due to Federation Standard influences. | ||
* There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although | * There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although most speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written phonetically as [β], [z] and [ɦ]. | ||
* The bilabial fricative sounds like Federation Standard's [f] but does not include the lower teeth touching the upper lip. | * The bilabial fricative [ɸ] sounds like Federation Standard's [f] but does not include the lower teeth touching the upper lip. | ||
* The bilabial approximant sounds like Federation Standard's [w] but does not include pushing the tongue back. | * The bilabial approximant [β̞] sounds like Federation Standard's [w] but does not include pushing the tongue back to the velar. | ||
* The lateral approximant [l] never velarizes, unlike in Federation Standard (compare "<u>l</u>ab" and "ba<u>ll</u>", the latter is velarized). | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
There are eight vowels in Denobulan. The language also distinguishes some vowels by length. Long vowels are spoken for a longer amount of time. The language has no diphthongs. The following table shows the vowel phonemes of Denobulan: | There are eight vowels in Denobulan. The language also distinguishes some vowels by length. Long vowels are spoken for a longer amount of time. The language has no diphthongs. The following table shows the vowel phonemes of Denobulan: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Low | | style="font-style:italic;" | Low | ||
| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | | | style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ä | ||
|} | |} | ||
''If there are two vowels in one cell, the left one is short and the right one long.'' | ''If there are two vowels in one cell, the left one is short and the right one long.'' | ||
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* The vowels /i/ and /u/ are distinguished by length grammatically; even though there is a slight difference in length between [ɛ] and [e], these are two distinct vowels not grammatically distinguished by length. | * The vowels /i/ and /u/ are distinguished by length grammatically; even though there is a slight difference in length between [ɛ] and [e], these are two distinct vowels not grammatically distinguished by length. | ||
* The mid back vowel [ɔ] becomes the schwa [ə] when unstressed. | * The mid back vowel [ɔ] becomes the schwa [ə] when unstressed. | ||
* The low vowel [ | * The low vowel [ä] can be realized in multiple ways. | ||
** Some dialects distinguish short [ɑ] and long [ | ** Some dialects distinguish short [ɑ] and long [ä]; this is non-standard, however, it is prevelant in some words adopted into the common language. | ||
** In other dialects, it might be pronounced as [a], [ɐ] or [ɑ]. | ** In other dialects, it might be pronounced as [a], [ɐ] or [ɑ]. | ||
* Vowels will be nasalized slightly when succeeded by nasal consonants. The nasal consonants are still pronounced. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||