Denobulan/Language: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
''For a non-linguistic summary of the phonology, [[#Summary|click here]]. | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
The following table shows the consonant phonemes of Denobulan: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Consonants | ! Consonants | ||
| Line 12: | Line 15: | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | k g | | style="text-align: center;" | k g | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | ʔ | | style="text-align: center;" | ʔ | ||
|- | |||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Pre-nasalized pl. | |||
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁿd | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | ᵑg | |||
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Affricates | | style="font-style:italic;" | Affricates | ||
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | t͡s d͡z | | style="text-align: center;" | t͡s d͡z | ||
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nasal | | style="font-style:italic;" | Nasal | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | m | | style="text-align: center;" | m | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | n | | style="text-align: center;" | n | ||
| Line 43: | Line 52: | ||
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
''If there are two consonants in one cell, the left one is voiceless and the right one voiced.'' | |||
====Notes==== | |||
* Unlike Federation Standard, Denobulan doesn't aspirize its voiceless plosives. However, in some non-native dialects aspirization can be found. | |||
* The glottal plosive is only placed between two of the same vowel phones. | |||
* The pre-nasalized plosives are a relic of Denobulan's proto-language and can only be found word-initially nowadays. Second language speakers often struggle pronouncing these two phonemes. | |||
* The two affricates are often pronounced as the palato-alveolar affricates [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] due to Federation Standard influences. | |||
* There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although some speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written [β], [z] and [ɦ]. | |||
* The bilabial fricative sounds like Federation Standard's [f] but does not include the lower teeth touching the upper lip. | |||
* The bilabial approximant sounds like Federation Standard's [w] but does not include pushing the tongue back. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
The following table shows the vowel phonemes of Denobulan: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Vowels | ! Vowels | ||
| Line 63: | Line 82: | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Close | | style="font-style:italic;" | Close | ||
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | ɑ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 16:03, 2 June 2019
Phonology
For a non-linguistic summary of the phonology, click here.
Consonants
The following table shows the consonant phonemes of Denobulan:
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | ʔ |
| Pre-nasalized pl. | ⁿd | ᵑg | ||
| Affricates | t͡s d͡z | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Fricative | ɸ | s | h | |
| Approximant | β | ɹ | j | |
| Lateral appr. | l |
If there are two consonants in one cell, the left one is voiceless and the right one voiced.
Notes
- Unlike Federation Standard, Denobulan doesn't aspirize its voiceless plosives. However, in some non-native dialects aspirization can be found.
- The glottal plosive is only placed between two of the same vowel phones.
- The pre-nasalized plosives are a relic of Denobulan's proto-language and can only be found word-initially nowadays. Second language speakers often struggle pronouncing these two phonemes.
- The two affricates are often pronounced as the palato-alveolar affricates [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] due to Federation Standard influences.
- There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although some speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written [β], [z] and [ɦ].
- The bilabial fricative sounds like Federation Standard's [f] but does not include the lower teeth touching the upper lip.
- The bilabial approximant sounds like Federation Standard's [w] but does not include pushing the tongue back.
Vowels
The following table shows the vowel phonemes of Denobulan:
| Vowels | Front | Back |
|---|---|---|
| Open | i | u |
| Open-mid | e | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ |
| Close | ɑ |