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Denobulan/Language: Difference between revisions
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<small>'''This notice was placed here by [[User:Pholin]], so go bug them to finish the page if nothing's happening.'''</small></center></div> | <small>'''This notice was placed here by [[User:Pholin]], so go bug them to finish the page if nothing's happening.'''</small></center></div> | ||
[[File:DenobulanScriptEx.png|thumb|right|x130px|An example of the Denobulan script.]] | [[File:DenobulanScriptEx.png|thumb|right|x130px|An example of the Denobulan script.]] | ||
'''Denobulan''' ([[wp:Help:IPA|/də'noʊ.bju.læn/]]) is the primary language spoken by [[Denobulan|Denobulans]] along with Federation Standard. Most Denobulans who grew up on the planet speak both the languages. The language has been heavily influenced by [[Federation Standard]] since the planet's entry to the Federation; some Denobulans prefer speaking Standard, even among other Denobulans. However, as part of the Federation, the number of non-native speakers has grown significantly. | '''Denobulan''' ([[wp:Help:IPA|/də'noʊ.bju.læn/]]) is the primary language spoken by [[Denobulan|Denobulans]] along with Federation Standard. Most Denobulans who grew up on the planet speak both the languages. The language has been heavily influenced by [[Federation Standard]] since the planet's entry to the Federation; some Denobulans prefer speaking Standard, even among other Denobulans. However, as part of the Federation, the number of non-native speakers has grown significantly. | ||
==Disclaimer== | ==Disclaimer== | ||
The language was seen and heard on-screen, but the writers have confirmed that those words and sentences had no system or grammar. The version of the language delved into here is merely inspired by what was seen, but is more realistic. The two versions will be incompatible. Sometimes, decisions made for this version of the language don't make much sense linguitically; often, this is to have an explanation for a weird thing in what was seen on-screen. Please reach out to [[User:Pholin]] before editing anything major. | The language was seen and heard on-screen, but the writers have confirmed that those words and sentences had no system or grammar. The version of the language delved into here is merely inspired by what was seen, but is more realistic. The two versions will be incompatible. Sometimes, decisions made for this version of the language don't make much sense linguitically; often, this is to have an explanation for a weird thing in what was seen on-screen. Please reach out to [[User:Pholin]] before editing anything major. | ||
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* The pre-nasalized plosives [ⁿd] and [ᵑg] are relics of Denobulan's proto-language and can only be found word-initially nowadays. Second language speakers often struggle pronouncing these two phonemes. | * The pre-nasalized plosives [ⁿd] and [ᵑg] are relics of Denobulan's proto-language and can only be found word-initially nowadays. Second language speakers often struggle pronouncing these two phonemes. | ||
* The affricates [t͡s] and [d͡z] are often pronounced as the palato-alveolar affricate [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] due to Federation Standard influences. | * The affricates [t͡s] and [d͡z] are often pronounced as the palato-alveolar affricate [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] due to Federation Standard influences. | ||
** The affricate [t͡s] (or [t͡ʃ]) turns into an velar affricate [k͡s] after back and central vowels, written as <x> in the romanization. | |||
** The affricate [d͡z] is sometimes analyzed as dialectal, as it is an extremely rare consonant. | ** The affricate [d͡z] is sometimes analyzed as dialectal, as it is an extremely rare consonant. | ||
* There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although most speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written phonetically as [β], [z] and [ɦ]. | * There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although most speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written phonetically as [β], [z] and [ɦ]. | ||
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===Romanization=== | ===Romanization=== | ||
Although Denobulan has its own script, the language can also be written in the Latin alphabet. This is called the romanization system | Although Denobulan has its own script, the language can also be written in the Latin alphabet. This is called the romanization system. The 29 letters of the romanized alphabet are as follows: | ||
:: <span style="font-family:monospace; font-size:13pt;">a ah ai b ch d e ee f g h i j k l m n ng o oo p ph r s t u v y '</span> | :: <span style="font-family:monospace; font-size:13pt;">a ah ai b ch d e ee f g h i j k l m n ng o oo p ph r s t u v y '</span> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | [ⁿd] | | style="text-align: center;" | [ⁿd] | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | n'd | ||
| Like "scan<u>ned</u>" but word-initially. | | Like "scan<u>ned</u>" but word-initially. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | [ᵑg] | | style="text-align: center;" | [ᵑg] | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | n'g | ||
| Like "si<u>ng</u>le" but word-initially. | | Like "si<u>ng</u>le" but word-initially. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="text-align: center;" | [ɪ] | | style="text-align: center;" | [ɪ] | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | e | | style="text-align: center;" | e | ||
| | | As in "b<u>i</u>t". | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | [e] | | style="text-align: center;" | [e] | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
====Notes==== | |||
* The voiceless alveolar affricate [t͡s] turns into a velar affricate [k͡s] when preceded by back vowels. This is written as <x> in the romanization. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
Syllables are formed by putting different phonemes together. The way of doing this varies by language, but a syllable is always made up of three parts. The onset are first consonants, followed by the nucleus which are the vowels, and another set of consonants which is the coda. Below is described which phonemes are allowed where. Overall, the language followes the following pattern: | |||
:: <span style="font-family:monospace; font-size:13pt;">C(C)V(C)</span> | |||
Where C is a consonant, V is a vowel, and the parts in brackets are optional. That means the simplest syllable possible is CV, while the most 'complex' is CCVC. | |||
====Onset==== | |||
All consonants, including the nasal [ŋ] foreign to Federation standard, are allowed in the onset. There are also combinations of consonants allowed: | |||
* All plosives, excluding the glottal stop, and all fricatives, excluding the glottal fricative, can be followed by the alveolar approximant [ɹ]. | |||
* All fricatives, excluding the glottal fricative, can be followed by the alveolar lateral approximant [l]. | |||
* All voiceless plosives can be followed by a glottal stop. | |||
** Most of the time, a phonemic schwa is added, especially when the glottal stop is followed by another consonant. | |||
====Nucleus==== | |||
All nine vowels of Denobulan are allowed in the nucleus. There are no diphthongs in Denobulan, so only one vowel per syllable. There is a form of vowel doubling, though. These only occur for [ä] and [u] and are written as "aa" and "uu" respectively. The first vowel is always a long vowel, followed by the short form of the vowel. The two vowels have a glottal stop in between them, meaning they are two different syllables. | |||
====Coda==== | |||
Most consonants are also allowed in the coda of a syllable, only the pre-nasalized plosives and the glottal fricative are not. Please note that the coda is entirely optional. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||