Denobulan/Language: Difference between revisions

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Adding romanization.
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'''Denobulan''' ([[wp:Help:IPA|/də'noʊ.bju.læn/]]) is the primary language spoken by [[Denobulan|Denobulans]] along with Federation Standard. Most Denobulans who grew up on the planet speak both the languages. The language has been heavily influenced by [[Federation Standard]] since the planet's entry to the Federation; some Denobulans prefer speaking Standard, even among other Denobulans. However, as part of the Federation, the number of non-native speakers has grown significantly.
'''Denobulan''' ([[wp:Help:IPA|/də'noʊ.bju.læn/]]) is the primary language spoken by [[Denobulan|Denobulans]] along with Federation Standard. Most Denobulans who grew up on the planet speak both the languages. The language has been heavily influenced by [[Federation Standard]] since the planet's entry to the Federation; some Denobulans prefer speaking Standard, even among other Denobulans. However, as part of the Federation, the number of non-native speakers has grown significantly.
==Disclaimer==
==Disclaimer==
The language was seen and heard on-screen, but the writers have confirmed that those words and sentences had no system or grammar. The version of the language delved into here is merely inspired by what was seen, but is more realistic. The two versions will be incompatible. Please reach out to [[User:Pholin]] before editing anything major.
The language was seen and heard on-screen, but the writers have confirmed that those words and sentences had no system or grammar. The version of the language delved into here is merely inspired by what was seen, but is more realistic. The two versions will be incompatible. Sometimes, decisions made for this version of the language don't make much sense linguitically; often, this is to have an explanation for a weird thing in what was seen on-screen. Please reach out to [[User:Pholin]] before editing anything major.


Throughout this page, the International Phonetic Alphabet is used. For more information about that, please visit [[wp:Help:IPA|this article]].
Throughout this page, the International Phonetic Alphabet is used. For more information about that, please visit [[wp:Help:IPA|this article]].
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
''For a non-linguistic summary of the phonology, [[#Summary|click here]].
''For a non-linguistic summary of the phonology, [[#Romanization|click here]].
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
The following table shows the consonant phonemes of Denobulan:
The following table shows the consonant phonemes of Denobulan:
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|-
|-
| style="font-style:italic;" | Fricative
| style="font-style:italic;" | Fricative
| style="text-align: center;" | ɸ
| style="text-align: center;" | ɸ ɸʰ
| style="text-align: center;" | s
| style="text-align: center;" | s
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" |  
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" |  
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| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" |  
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" |  
|}
|}
''If there are two consonants in one cell, the left one is voiceless and the right one voiced.''
 
====Notes====
====Notes====
* Unlike Federation Standard, Denobulan doesn't aspirize its voiceless plosives. However, in some non-native dialects aspirization can be found.
* Unlike Federation Standard, Denobulan doesn't aspirize its voiceless plosives. However, in some non-native dialects aspirization can be found.
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* There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although most speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written phonetically as [β], [z] and [ɦ].
* There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although most speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written phonetically as [β], [z] and [ɦ].
* The bilabial fricative [ɸ] sounds like Federation Standard's [f] but does not include the lower teeth touching the upper lip.
* The bilabial fricative [ɸ] sounds like Federation Standard's [f] but does not include the lower teeth touching the upper lip.
* The aspirated bilabial fricative [ɸʰ] is pronounced with a puff following the consonant; this is a relic of the proto-language, where originally many more consonants had aspirated versions.
* The bilabial approximant [β̞] sounds like Federation Standard's [w] but does not include pushing the tongue back to the velar.
* The bilabial approximant [β̞] sounds like Federation Standard's [w] but does not include pushing the tongue back to the velar.
* The lateral approximant [l] never velarizes, unlike in Federation Standard (compare "<u>l</u>ab" and "ba<u>ll</u>", the latter is velarized).
* The lateral approximant [l] never velarizes, unlike in Federation Standard (compare "<u>l</u>ab" and "ba<u>ll</u>", the latter is velarized).
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| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ä
| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ä
|}
|}
''If there are two vowels in one cell, the left one is short and the right one long.''


====Notes====
====Notes====
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** In other dialects, it might be pronounced as [a], [ɐ] or [ɑ].
** In other dialects, it might be pronounced as [a], [ɐ] or [ɑ].
* Vowels will be nasalized slightly when succeeded by nasal consonants. The nasal consonants are still pronounced.
* Vowels will be nasalized slightly when succeeded by nasal consonants. The nasal consonants are still pronounced.
===Romanization===
Although Denobulan has its own script, the language can also be written in the Latin alphabet. This is called the romanization system.
<div style="display: inline-table; margin-right: 30px;">
{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: center;" | IPA
! style="text-align: center;" | Latin
! Notes
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [p]
| style="text-align: center;" | p
| As in "<u>p</u>lanet".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [b]
| style="text-align: center;" | b
| As in "<u>B</u>org".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [t]
| style="text-align: center;" | t
| As in "<u>T</u>'Pol".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [d]
| style="text-align: center;" | d
| As in "<u>D</u>enobulan".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [k]
| style="text-align: center;" | k
| As in "<u>K</u>lingon".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [g]
| style="text-align: center;" | g
| As in "<u>G</u>orn".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ʔ]
| style="text-align: center;" | '
| As in "uh<u>-</u>oh" - silence between them.
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ⁿd]
| style="text-align: center;" | nd
| Like "scan<u>ned</u>" but word-initially.
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ᵑg]
| style="text-align: center;" | ng
| Like "si<u>ng</u>le" but word-initially.
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [t͡s]
| style="text-align: center;" | ch or j
| As in "<u>ch</u>ip" or "<u>J</u>efferies". <sup>[[#ref|[a]]]</sup>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [m]
| style="text-align: center;" | m
| As in "<u>M</u>orn".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [n]
| style="text-align: center;" | n
| As in "<u>n</u>acelle".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ŋ]
| style="text-align: center;" | ng
| As in "Ja<u>ng</u>".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ɸ]
| style="text-align: center;" | f
| As in "<u>F</u>ederation".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ɸʰ]
| style="text-align: center;" | ph
| Like [ɸ] but with added puff.
|}
</div>
<div style="display: inline-table;">
{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: center;" | IPA
! style="text-align: center;" | Latin
! Notes
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [s]
| style="text-align: center;" | s
| As in "<u>s</u>tar".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [h]
| style="text-align: center;" | h
| As in "<u>H</u>irogen".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [β̞]
| style="text-align: center;" | v
| Like [w] but without the tongue.
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ɹ]
| style="text-align: center;" | r
| As in "<u>R</u>isa".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [j]
| style="text-align: center;" | y
| As in "<u>Y</u>ar".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [l]
| style="text-align: center;" | l
| As in "<u>L</u>a Forge".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [i]
| style="text-align: center;" | i
| As in "Geord<u>i</u>".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [iː]
| style="text-align: center;" | ee
| As in "b<u>ea</u>m" - longer than [i].
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [u]
| style="text-align: center;" | u
| As in "P<u>u</u>laski".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [uː]
| style="text-align: center;" | oo
| As in "r<u>oo</u>m" - longer than [u].
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ɛ]
| style="text-align: center;" | e
| As in "Tr<u>e</u>k".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [e]
| style="text-align: center;" | ai
| As in "r<u>ai</u>se".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ɔ]
| style="text-align: center;" | o
| As in "c<u>o</u>mputer".
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | [ä]
| style="text-align: center;" | a or ah
| As in "Lw<u>a</u>x<u>a</u>n<u>a</u>". <sup>[[#ref|[b]]]</sup>
|}
</div>
<h4 id="ref">Notes</h4>
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
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