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Denobulan/Language: Difference between revisions
Phonology revamp.
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(Phonology revamp.) |
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The following table shows the consonant phonemes of Denobulan: | The following table shows the consonant phonemes of Denobulan: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Consonants | ! width=130px | Consonants | ||
! | ! width=60px | Labial | ||
! Alveolar | ! width=60px | Alveolar | ||
! Velar | ! width=60px | Velar | ||
! Glottal | ! width=60px | Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Plosive | | style="font-style:italic;" | Plosive | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Affricates | | style="font-style:italic;" | Affricates | ||
| style="text-align: center | | style="text-align: center;" | p͡f | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | t͡s d͡z | | style="text-align: center;" | t͡s d͡z | ||
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Fricative | | style="font-style:italic;" | Fricative | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | f | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | s | | style="text-align: center;" | s | ||
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="font-style:italic;" | Approximant | | style="font-style:italic;" | Approximant | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | ʋ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | ɹ | | style="text-align: center;" | ɹ | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | j | | style="text-align: center;" | j | ||
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| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | | style="text-align: center; background-color:#efefef;" | | ||
|} | |||
{|width=435px style="text-align:center; font-size:8.5pt; margin-top:-10px;" | |||
|''Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
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* Unlike Federation Standard, Denobulan doesn't aspirize its voiceless plosives. However, in some non-native dialects aspirization can be found. | * Unlike Federation Standard, Denobulan doesn't aspirize its voiceless plosives. However, in some non-native dialects aspirization can be found. | ||
* The pre-nasalized plosives [ⁿd] and [ᵑg] are relics of Denobulan's proto-language and can only be found word-initially nowadays. Second language speakers often struggle pronouncing these two phonemes. | * The pre-nasalized plosives [ⁿd] and [ᵑg] are relics of Denobulan's proto-language and can only be found word-initially nowadays. Second language speakers often struggle pronouncing these two phonemes. | ||
* The [p] in the affricate [p̪f] is very soft, and might not even be pronounced depandant on the dialect. The distinction between it and the regular fricative [f] has disappeared in some dialects, even. | |||
* The affricates [t͡s] and [d͡z] are often pronounced as the palato-alveolar affricate [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] due to Federation Standard influences. | * The affricates [t͡s] and [d͡z] are often pronounced as the palato-alveolar affricate [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] due to Federation Standard influences. | ||
** The affricate [t͡s] (or [t͡ʃ]) turns into an velar affricate [k͡s] after back and central vowels, written as <x> in the romanization. | ** The affricate [t͡s] (or [t͡ʃ]) turns into an velar affricate [k͡s] after back and central vowels, written as <x> in the romanization. | ||
** The affricate [d͡z] is sometimes analyzed as dialectal, as it is an extremely rare consonant. | ** The affricate [d͡z] is sometimes analyzed as dialectal, as it is an extremely rare consonant. | ||
* There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although most speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written phonetically as [β], [z] and [ɦ]. | * There are no voiced fricatives in Denobulan, although most speakers pronounce fricatives between two vowels as voiced phonemes, which are written phonetically as [β], [z] and [ɦ]. | ||
* The | * The labial approximant [ʋ] sounds like Federation Standard's [w] but a speaker presses their upper teeth on their lower lip. | ||
* The lateral approximant [l] never velarizes, unlike in Federation Standard (compare "<u>l</u>ab" and "ba<u>ll</u>", the latter is velarized). | * The lateral approximant [l] never velarizes, unlike in Federation Standard (compare "<u>l</u>ab" and "ba<u>ll</u>", the latter is velarized). | ||
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| style="text-align: center;" | n'g | | style="text-align: center;" | n'g | ||
| Like "si<u>ng</u>le" but word-initially. | | Like "si<u>ng</u>le" but word-initially. | ||
|- | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | [p͡f] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | ph | |||
| Like the German word "<u>Pf</u>erd". | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | [t͡s] | | style="text-align: center;" | [t͡s] | ||
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| As in "Ja<u>ng</u>". | | As in "Ja<u>ng</u>". | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | [ | | style="text-align: center;" | [f] | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | f | | style="text-align: center;" | f | ||
| As in "<u>F</u>ederation". | | As in "<u>F</u>ederation". | ||
|} | |} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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| As in "<u>H</u>irogen". | | As in "<u>H</u>irogen". | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | [ | | style="text-align: center;" | [ʋ] | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | v | | style="text-align: center;" | v | ||
| Close to "nuclear <u>w</u>essles". | | Close to "nuclear <u>w</u>essles". | ||